Análise Mensal, Sazonal e Interanual da Evapotranspiração de Referência para o Sudoeste da Amazônia, Acre, Brasil (Monthly Analysis, Seasonal and Interanual the Reference Evapotranspiration for the Southwestern Amazon, Acre, Brazil)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-2295.20150097Keywords:
Variabilidade climática, Penman-Monteith, Teste de Homogeneidade.Abstract
O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar aspectos climatológicos da variabilidade sazonal e interanual da Evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) para os municípios de Rio Branco, Tarauacá e Cruzeiro do Sul, estado do Acre, considerando um período de 30 anos, a partir de dados mensais de estações meteorológicas de superfície. Como metodologia realizou-se, primeiramente, a consistência dos dados meteorológicos. Desta forma, foi feito o preenchimento de falhas nas séries temporais por meio de técnicas multivariadas e testes estatísticos de homogeneidade. A técnica de Análise de Variância foi adotada a fim de verificar se há entre os municípios diferença significativa nas médias anuais de evapotranspiração. O método indireto de Penmann-Montheith foi utilizado para o cálculo da ETo. Os resultados deste trabalho permitiram concluir que a média anual da ETo foi de 3,80, 2,92 e 2,85 mm dia ano-1, para Rio Branco, Tarauacá e Cruzeiro do Sul, respectivamente. Apresentando padrão sazonal bastante marcante com um mínimo em junho e um máximo em outubro, sendo Rio Branco a localidade que apresentou sinal mais forte, por outro lado, Cruzeiro do Sul apresentou maior variabilidade dentre as localidades estudadas. Pela ANOVA constatou-se que as médias anuais diferem estatisticamente entre as localidades a 1% de significância, porém as médias anuais entre Cruzeiro do Sul e Tarauacá não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativa. Para as três localidades, a década de 2000 foi a que apresentou os maiores valores de ETo, associada a águas mais quentes da bacia do Atlântico Norte e a década de 80 a de menores valores, associada a águas mais frias desta bacia.
A B S T R A C T
The objective of this study was to investigate climatological seasonal and interanual variability of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) for the state of Acre, whose studies units the Rio Branco municipalities, Tarauacá and Cruzeiro do Sul considering a period of 30 years, from monthly meteorological stations data. The methodology was held, first, the consistency of meteorological data. Thus, it was made the gap filling in the time series by means of multivariate techniques and statistical tests of homogeneity. The analysis of variance technique (ANOVA) was adopted in order to check for significant differences between the municipalities in the annual evapotranspiration averages. The indirect method of Penmann-Montheith was used to calculate the ETo. These results showed that the ETo the annual average was 3.80, 2.92 and 2.85 mm day-1 year, to Rio Branco, Tarauacá and Cruzeiro do Sul, respectively. Featuring quite remarkable seasonal pattern with a minimum in June and a maximum in October, with Rio Branco to town one with the strongest signal, on the other hand, the Southern Cross presented the highest variability among the studied locations. By ANOVA it was found that the average annual differ statistically between locations 1% of significance, but the annual average between Cruzeiro do Sul and Tarauacá no statistically significant differences. For the three locations, the 2000s was the one with the highest ETo values associated with warmer waters of the North Atlantic basin and the 80s to lower values, associated with cooler waters of this basin.
Key-Words: Climate variability. Penman-Monteith. Uniformity test.
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Copyright (c) 2016 Helder José Farias da Silva, Paulo Sérgio Lucio, Irving Foster Brown

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