Variação Temporal da Seca na Região Produtora de Soja de Matopiba
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v17.4.p2671-2683Keywords:
Desastres naturais, Mudança do clima, Déficit hídricoAbstract
Brazil is currently one of the largest soybean producers on the world stage, with a production of 123,829.5 million tons in a planted area of 40,921.9 million ha, thus generating a productivity of 3,026 kg per ha. An important region that was established in the 1980s in the national scenario of soy production is the Matopiba region, an acronym of the initials of the states of Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí and Bahia, located at the territorial intersection of these states. With an initial soy planted area of only 57,494 ha in 1985, it jumped to 5,019,536 ha at the end of 2021, thus completing a percentage variation of 1,024% in its soy planted area in recent decades. On the other hand, the demand for water in these regions tends to follow this abrupt increase in planted area and respective expectations for increased productivity as well. And in this scenario of greater water demand, drought has intensified in recent years in various parts of the world. The present work has as objectives the characterization of the agroclimatic and the temporal advance of drought in the soybean producing region of Matopiba in the last five decades. It was observed that the drought has gradually intensified in the Matopiba region in recent decades, a scenario that may be directly related to the change in climatological patterns of air temperature in the region, with drought events reaching the extreme category in the last decade of study, according to the Palmer Severity Index.
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