Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental Baseada em Serviços Ecossistêmicos: Proposta Metodológica Aplicada em Carcinicultura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v18.3.p1820-1838Keywords:
Methodology, Environmental licensing, CICES, Mangrove, RestingaAbstract
The vertiginous growth in research into Ecosystem Services (ES) has required not only understanding but also conceptual incorporation in a wide variety of fields, including Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). In this sense, there is a need for a more holistic and integrated approach to assessing environmental impacts and, in particular, the ecosystem services affected. To this end, we aim to propose the application of an Ecosystem Services Impact Assessment Model (MAISE) in a hypothetical case of a shrimp farm during the installation and operation phases on the coast of Piauí, Brazil. The methodological model was structured into five stages of analysis: the categorization and classification of environmental impacts; the analysis of the trend of these impacts; the summation of impact values; the creation of an impact matrix for ES; and the classification of Percentage of Services and Degrees of Environmental Impact. 38 environmental impacts and 28 ES were identified at different stages of the project, with the impacts predominantly affecting regulation and maintenance services. The analysis also highlights the interconnection of these services with fundamental ecosystem functions and biophysical changes, such as vegetation reduction and alterations to biogeochemical cycles. We pointed out the non-linearity between the presence of an environmental impact and the synergy of impacts on ES, so strategic mitigation measures should be implemented, given that environmental impacts behave differently to ES. The proposed method has proved to be viable and applicable in surveying and preserving the integrity of ecosystems and the services they provide.
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