Modelagem Espacial das Ilhas de Calor Urbano na Cidade de Campina Grande (Brasil – Paraíba)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v18.05.p3806-3822Keywords:
crescimento urbano, sensoriamento remoto termal, LandsatAbstract
According to the latest IPCC reports, more than two-thirds of the world’s population is expected to live in urban areas by 2050. One of the main environmental issues in these areas is urban heat islands (UHIs), which have negative consequences such as environmental degradation, hydroclimatic imbalance, and thermal discomfort. In Campina Grande (PB), rapid and unplanned urbanization, driven by industrial and educational development, has intensified the UHI phenomenon. This study aimed to observe land use and land cover changes in the city and assess their impact on surface temperature, green biomass, and humidity. It also sought to identify spatial patterns in surface temperature and its main predictors. Eight Landsat images from 1984 to 2023 were used to obtain temperature data and indices. Land use and land cover changes were observed using MAPBIOMAS. Over the 40 years analyzed, the replacement of natural surfaces and pastures with artificial infrastructure led to a decrease in humidity and green biomass and a progressive increase in surface temperature. Urbanization was the most important predictor of surface temperature increase, while variations in accumulated rainfall and air temperature had a smaller impact. UHIs were observed to shift towards the southwestern part of the city, especially in the South and West Zones, areas with a high number of residential developments. This highlights the urgent need for mitigation measures, such as the implementation of reflective material use policies.
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