O Impacto do Alquilbenzeno Sulfonato Linear sobre Microalgas: Uma Revisão  Sistemática da Toxicidade e das Estratégias de Remoção

Nathália Bandeira; Vanessa Sousa da Costa; Bruna Kelly; Joelithon Costa; Thamires Moura; Sávia Gavazza; Raquel Bezerra; Fabricio Motteran

doi:10.26848/rbgf.v19.02.p1015-1034

Authors

Nathália Bandeira UFPE https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4700-5282
Vanessa Sousa UFPE https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4886-7933
Bruna Kelly UFPE https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8138-8766
Joelithon Costa UFPE https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0147-238X
Thamires Moura UFPE https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4762-3849
Sávia Gavazza UFPE https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4433-7735
Raquel Bezerra UFRPE https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1801-2945
Fabricio Motteran UFPE https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7664-2697

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v19.02.p1015-1034

Keywords:

Surfactante aniônico, LAS, Poluição da Água, Biorremediação, Microalgas

Abstract

Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is a widely used anionic surfactant and is frequently detected in aquatic
environments, where it is considered an emerging contaminant. This study aimed to conduct a systematic
literature review on the effects of LAS on microalgae, with emphasis on toxicity, tested concentrations,
evaluated species, and reported removal efficiencies. The systematic search, conducted in accordance with
PRISMA guidelines, resulted in the selection of 17 studies published between 2005 and 2023. The evaluated
LAS concentrations ranged from 0.001 to 1,000 mg·L⁻¹. Sublethal and lethal toxic effects were observed at
concentrations as low as 0.01–0.02 mg·L⁻¹, with reductions exceeding 90% in cell viability in sensitive
species such as Chaetoceros sp. IC₅₀ values ranged from 0.332 to 8.46 mg·L⁻¹, indicating high
interspecific variability. In contrast, Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. maintained growth at concentrations
of up to 100 mg·L⁻¹. Axenic microalgal systems exhibited removal efficiencies between 61.7% and 73.3%,
whereas algae–bacteria consortia achieved removals above 90%, with a maximum efficiency of 97.2%. It is
concluded that LAS poses a ecotoxicological risk; however, microalgae, particularly in symbiotic systems,
represent promising alternatives for its bioremediation.

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Author Biographies

Nathália Bandeira, UFPE

Doutoranda em Ciências Biológicas pela Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), com mestrado em Biologia Vegetal, MBA em Gestão da Qualidade, especialização em Marketing, bacharelado em Ciências Biológicas pela UFPE e formação técnica em Saneamento Ambiental pelo Instituto Federal de Pernambuco (IFPE). Possui mais de 10 anos de experiência na Companhia Pernambucana de Saneamento (Compesa), onde atuou em posições estratégicas, incluindo Gerente de Planejamento da Região do Interior, suporte técnico à Diretoria de Negócios e Eficiência, líder do Núcleo de Apoio à Gestão da Inovação (PDI) e gerente ambiental e operacional da Região Metropolitana do Recife (RMR).

Atuou também como Analista de Inovação e Sustentabilidade na Secretaria de Recursos Hídricos e Saneamento do Governo de Pernambuco. Atualmente, exerce a função de Coordenadora de Educação Ambiental do Parque Estadual Dois Irmãos, vinculado à Secretaria de Meio Ambiente e Sustentabilidade de Pernambuco e Fernando de Noronha.

Reconhecida por sua atuação em prol do meio ambiente, recebeu homenagens da Assembleia Legislativa de Pernambuco (ALEPE) e da Câmara Municipal do Recife por suas contribuições a projetos ambientais no estado. Além disso, atua como voluntária no grupo Green Girl, que desenvolve iniciativas de educação ambiental em comunidades, incentivando a reflexão crítica e a adoção de práticas sustentáveis.

hD student in Biological Sciences at the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), with a Master's degree in Plant Biology, an MBA in Quality Management, a specialization in Marketing, a Bachelor's degree in Biological Sciences from UFPE, and a technical degree in Environmental Sanitation from the Federal Institute of Pernambuco (IFPE). With over 10 years of experience at Compesa, she has held strategic positions in various areas, including Planning Manager for the Interior Region, Technical Support to the Business and Efficiency Directorate, Leader of the Innovation Management Support Center (PDI), Environmental and Operational Manager of the Recife Metropolitan Region (RMR). She also worked as an Innovation and Sustainability Analyst at the Secretariat for Water Resources and Sanitation of the Government of Pernambuco.

Currently, she serves as the Environmental Education Coordinator at the Dois Irmãos State Park, under the Secretariat for the Environment and Sustainability of Pernambuco and Fernando de Noronha. Recognized for her work in favor of the environment, she has been honored by the Legislative Assembly of Pernambuco (ALEPE) and the Recife City Council for her contributions to environmental projects in the state. In addition, she volunteers with Green Girl, a group that promotes environmental education initiatives in communities, encouraging reflection and sustainable practices.

Vanessa Sousa, UFPE

Bachelor’s degree in Biological Sciences from the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Piauí (IFPI). Specialization in Cell and Molecular Biology from Faculdade Acesita (FACESITA). Master’s degree in Biological Sciences from the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE). Currently a PhD student in Biological Sciences at UFPE.

Bruna Kelly, UFPE

PhD student in the Graduate Program in Biological Sciences at the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), specializing in Environmental Microbiology, under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Marcos Morais Jr. and co-supervision of Prof. Dr. Fabrício Motteran. Holds a Master’s degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences from the Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences at UFPE, supervised by Prof. Dr. Sebastião José de Melo, with a concentration in Drugs and Medicines. Her master’s thesis was titled “Synthesis of a new pyrimidine derivative and evaluation of its leishmanicidal, antichagasic, and antimicrobial activities and its synergistic potential against Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus.”

She also completed a postgraduate specialization in Clinical Analysis at Faculdade Frassinete do Recife (FAFIRE), with a final course paper entitled “Drug interference in clinical laboratory tests: A critical review of self-medication,” supervised by Prof. Dr. Roeckson Peixoto. She holds a Bachelor’s degree in Biological Sciences from UFPE, with a final undergraduate project titled “Microbiological analysis of bivalve mollusks collected in the Santa Cruz Channel, Pernambuco,” supervised by Prof. Dr. Gláucia Manoella de Souza Lima from the Department of Antibiotics at UFPE.

Previously, she interned for two years at the Phytopathogenic Fungi Laboratory of the Department of Mycology at the Center of Biosciences, UFPE, under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Patrícia Vieira Tiago. There, she participated in the extension project “Participatory monitoring of microorganisms in agroecological transition areas: A case study in the Chico Mendes III Settlement,” which aims to correlate scientific knowledge with popular knowledge.

She also interned for two and a half years at the Genetics Laboratory of the Department of Antibiotics, conducting microbiological analyses of water and food samples from the Santa Cruz Channel estuary. Both internships included fieldwork and public engagement.

She participated in the GPROBIO group for a period, which organizes events at the Center of Biosciences.

She was a CNPq DTI-c scholarship holder for nine months in the project “Conservation biology of fungi sensu lato in Atlantic Forest areas of Northeastern Brazil,” supervised by Prof. Dr. Tatiana Gibertoni. This project involved fieldwork at the Monte Pascoal National Park (Bahia) and the Pedra Talhada Biological Reserve (Alagoas).

She holds a technical qualification in Clinical Analysis, with professional experience at Maternidade Barros Lima. She worked under public service appointments for 12 months with the Recife City Hall at the Helena Moura Pediatric Hospital and the Municipal Public Health Laboratory of Recife - Julião. She also worked for 12 months under the Pernambuco State government at the Otávio de Freitas Hospital. Both public service periods were during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Joelithon Costa, UFPE

Bachelor’s degree in Civil Engineering, Master’s degree in Civil Engineering with an emphasis on Environmental Technology and Water Resources, and currently a Ph.D. candidate in Civil Engineering with the same focus, at the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE).

Thamires Moura, UFPE

Civil engineer, holds a Master's degree in Civil and Environmental Engineering, and is currently a PhD student in Civil Engineering with a focus on Water Resources. She has experience in Rural Sanitation.

Sávia Gavazza, UFPE

Advisor for the Ecological Transformation Plan at the Executive Secretariat of the Ministry of Finance (Brazil). She holds a PhD in Civil Engineering with a focus on Hydraulics and Sanitation from the São Carlos School of Engineering – University of São Paulo (USP, 2003), and completed a postdoctoral fellowship at Cornell University (USA) from 2012 to 2013. She is a Full Professor at the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE) and an Associate Professor (status only) at the University of Toronto since July 2017. She also serves as a consultant for the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and is a mentor to Pluvi, a startup incubated at UFPE. She is the founder of the NGO Afetos.

She served as Deputy Director of UFPE's Institute for Research in Petroleum and Energy from 2022 to 2024 and was a visiting professor at the University of Toronto (Canada) from 2016 to 2017. She coordinated the Graduate Program in Civil Engineering at UFPE (Recife campus) from 2018 to 2019, and served as a full member of the Engineering Chamber of FACEPE from 2019 to 2023. She was also a member of the Management Committee of the Human Resources Training Program (PRH-ANP 48.1) during the same period. Additionally, she took part in CAPES’s 2017–2020 four-year assessment committee for Graduate Programs in Engineering I.

In 2020, she served as a full member of UFPE's Emergency Committee on COVID-19. From 2014 to 2016, she coordinated the Graduate Program in Civil and Environmental Engineering at UFPE’s Caruaru campus. She also coordinated the Development Network for Nanosensors for the Detection of Micropollutants in Water (NAMICRO).

Her main research areas include bioremediation of degraded areas, degradation of textile effluents and aromatic compounds, and sanitary protection of water cisterns.

Raquel Bezerra, UFRPE

She holds a Bachelor's degree in Biological Sciences from the University of Pernambuco (2004), a Master’s degree in Biochemical-Pharmaceutical Technology from the University of São Paulo (2006), a PhD from the Department of Chemical and Process Engineering at the University of Genoa, Italy (2011), and a PhD in Sciences from the University of São Paulo (2011). She was a researcher in the Regional Scientific Development Program (2011–2013) and completed a postdoctoral fellowship at the Department of Molecular Medicine at the University of South Florida (USA) in 2021.

She is currently an Associate Professor at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) and a permanent member of the Graduate Program in Animal Biosciences and the Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO). She is also the vice-coordinator of the RENORBIO-UFRPE graduate program.

She collaborates nationally with UFPE, IAM-Fiocruz, and UPE, and internationally with the University of Genoa (Italy), the University of Michigan (USA), and the University of South Florida (USA). Her research focuses on bioprocesses, with an emphasis on industrial biotechnology and the production, purification, and application of bioactive compounds obtained from photosynthetic microorganisms.
Scopus ID: 16038638700

Fabricio Motteran, UFPE

Bachelor's degree in Biological Sciences from the Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC-MG), with a specialization in Environmental Management focused on ISO 14001 (FUMEC). Holds a Master’s degree in Agricultural Engineering from the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA) and a Ph.D. in Sciences from the School of Engineering of São Carlos at the University of São Paulo (EESC-USP). Completed postdoctoral research at the University of São Paulo and at the University of Cádiz (UCA), in the Department of Physical Chemistry of the Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences (Spain), with studies focused on the treatment and degradation of toxic xenobiotic compounds and metabolite identification (metabolomics). Currently, he is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the Center for Technology and Geosciences (CTG) of the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), a researcher at the Environmental Sanitation Laboratory (LSA), and a member of the graduate programs in Civil Engineering, Biotechnology, and Biological Sciences at UFPE

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