O Impacto do Alquilbenzeno Sulfonato Linear sobre Microalgas: Uma Revisão Sistemática da Toxicidade e das Estratégias de Remoção
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v19.02.p1015-1034Palabras clave:
Surfactante aniônico, LAS, Poluição da Água, Biorremediação, MicroalgasResumen
El alquilbenceno sulfonato lineal (LAS) es un surfactante aniónico ampliamente utilizado y frecuentemente detectado en ambientes acuáticos, donde se considera un contaminante emergente. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre los efectos del LAS en microalgas, con énfasis en la toxicidad, las concentraciones ensayadas, las especies evaluadas y las eficiencias de remoción reportadas. La búsqueda sistemática, realizada de acuerdo con las directrices PRISMA, dio como resultado la selección de 17 estudios publicados entre 2005 y 2023. Las concentraciones de LAS evaluadas variaron de 0,001 a 1.000 mg·L⁻¹. Se observaron efectos tóxicos subletales y letales en concentraciones tan bajas como 0,01–0,02 mg·L⁻¹, con reducciones superiores al 90% en la viabilidad celular en especies sensibles, como Chaetoceros sp. Los valores de IC₅₀ variaron de 0,332 a 8,46 mg·L⁻¹, lo que indica una elevada variabilidad interespecífica. En contraste, Chlorella sp. y Scenedesmus sp. mantuvieron el crecimiento en concentraciones de hasta 100 mg·L⁻¹. Los sistemas con microalgas presentaron eficiencias de remoción entre 61,7% y 73,3%, mientras que los consorcios microalga–bacteria alcanzaron remociones superiores al 90%, con una eficiencia máxima del 97,2%. Se concluye que el LAS representa un riesgo ecotoxicológico; sin embargo, las microalgas, especialmente en sistemas simbióticos, constituyen alternativas prometedoras para su biorremediación.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Nathália Bandeira, Vanessa Sousa da Costa, Bruna Kelly, Joelithon Costa, Thamires Moura, Sávia Gavazza, Raquel Bezerra, Fabricio Motteran
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