Colonização e conflitos na Transamazônica em tempos da ditadura civil-militar brasileira. // Colonization and conflicts in the Transamazonica in times of the Brazilian civil-military dictatorship.
Keywords:
Colonização na Transamazônica. Repressão. Conflitos de terra. // Colonization in Transamazônica Highway. Repression. Land conflicts.Abstract
Este trabalho analisa a colonização e os conflitos por terra na Transamazônica, no sudeste paraense, em tempos da ditadura civil-militar brasileira. Para tal, estabelece como fio condutor o processo de implantação do Programa Integrado de Colonização Marabá pelo governo de Emílio Garrastazu Médici às margens da rodovia Transamazônica nos municípios de Itupiranga e São João do Araguaia. Neste último, o referido projeto se efetivou quando as Forças Armadas procuravam reprimir o movimento guerrilheiro comandado pelos militantes do Partido Comunista do Brasil na confluência dos rios Araguaia e Tocantins. Ali, não só muitos trabalhadores rurais foram presos e torturados, mas obrigados a serem guias do Exército na caça aos guerrilheiros. A partir de 1974, muitas famílias que haviam chegado de diversas partes do Brasil atraídas pela colonização, não tendo encontrado apoio do INCRA, passaram a ocupar uma série de imóveis improdutivos com títulos definitivos ou de aforamentos, a começar por aqueles que margeavam a rodovia, causando intensos e prolongados conflitos com fazendeiros, donos desses imóveis.
This study analyzes the Transamazônica Highway colonization and land conflicts in southeast of Pará during the Brazilian civil-military dictatorship. For such, it was established the process of implementation of the Programa Integrado de Colonização Marabá performed in the government of Emílio Garrastazu Médici as a guide. This Program was implemented next to Transamazônica in the municipalities of Itupiranga and São João do Araguaia. In the last municipality mentioned, the project in focus was accomplished when the military sought to repress the guerrilla movement led by activists of the Communist Party of Brazil at the confluence of the Araguaia and Tocantins rivers. There, not only many rural workers were arrested and tortured, but also required to be Army guides to hunt guerrillas. Since 1974, many families who had come from various parts of Brazil attracted by colonization, came to occupy a series of unproductive lands with definitive titles or aforamentos, starting with those who lined the highway, causing intense and prolonged conflict with farmers who were owners of these properties, because the families did not find support from INCRA.
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