Eventos adversos da vacina contra COVID-19 em crianças e adolescentes: uma revisão integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963.2024.259217Palavras-chave:
Covid-19, Vacinas contra COVID-19, Criança, Adolescente, Resultados Negativos.Resumo
Objetivo: identificar os eventos adversos da vacina contra a COVID-19 em crianças e adolescentes (0-18 anos). Método: revisão integrativa, usando o referencial metodológico de Whittemore e Knalf, com Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS). Busca realizada nas bases de dados Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, abrangendo o período de 2021 a 2022. Critérios de inclusão foram baseados na pergunta PICO. Resultados: analisaram-se 33 artigos de pesquisas, com níveis de evidência variando entre 3.c, 4.c e 4.d. As publicações abordaram os eventos adversos após a vacinação, ocorrendo de 24 horas a 27 dias após a administração, com média de nove dias. A maioria das ocorrências adversas foi observada em adolescentes do sexo masculino (42,4%) após a segunda dose. Cerca de 36,4% relataram eventos adversos após ambas as doses. Problemas cardíacos foram a principal preocupação (63,6%). Conclusão: os principais eventos adversos da vacinação contra a COVID-19 na população pediátrica identificados foram febre, dor torácica e mialgia, associados às complicações cardíacas. Apesar disso, as vantagens das vacinas contra a COVID-19 superam os seus riscos. O estudo é relevante para orientar a prática de enfermeiros na linha de frente dos processos vacinais e identificar possíveis eventos adversos.
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