Estimativa da Profundidade do Solo: Parte 2 - Métodos Matemáticos (Soil depth estimation: part 2 – mathematical methods)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v8.4.p1225-1243Keywords:
Profundidade do solo, métodos matemáticos, métodos estatísticos, métodos empíricos, métodos baseados em processosAbstract
O presente trabalho é o segundo de uma série de dois artigos que têm como objetivo apresentar o estado da arte referente aos métodos de estimativa da profundidade do solo. Neste segundo artigo foram abordados os métodos matemáticos, subdivididos em: (i) estatísticos; (ii) empíricos; e (iii) baseados em processos. Os métodos estatísticos são representados principalmente por técnicas da estatística clássica e ferramentas de geoestatística implementadas em ambiente de SIG. Tal método vem alcançando bons resultados na definição da distribuição espacial da profundidade do solo. Entretanto, necessitam de um grande número de dados para estabelecimento dos modelos e, além disso, precisam ser reformulados para diferentes áreas de estudo. Os modelos empíricos são os que apresentam a abordagem mais simples. Aqueles que trazem relações embasadas na dinâmica de formação dos solos têm gerado bons resultados. Tais métodos são mais comumente usados quando há escassez de dados ou quando os mecanismos de formação dos solos ainda não puderam ser plenamente descritos, parametrizados e/ou quantificados. Os métodos baseados em processos são aqueles que utilizam equações de base física para descrever os inúmeros mecanismos que influenciam na formação e desenvolvimento dos solos. Embora gerem resultados muito satisfatórios, requerem que os processos físicos atuantes na área analisada estejam bem definidos e que os parâmetros e dados de entrada sejam precisos. Enfim, conclui-se que a escolha do melhor método para estimativa da distribuição espacial da profundidade do solo dependerá do tipo, quantidade e qualidade dos dados existentes para a área de estudo.
Abstract
The present work is the second of two papers that aim to present the state of the art related to methods used to estimate soil depth. This second paper addressed the mathematical methods and subdivided them into three classes: (i) statistical; (ii) empirical; and (iii) process-based. The statistical methods are represented mainly by classic statistical methods and geostatistical tools implemented in GIS. These methods have well achieved the determination of the soil depth spatial distribution. However, they require many data to define the models and need to be reformulated when applied to other study areas. The empirical methods are the simplest among three mathematical ones. The empirical models that include relations based on the soil formation dynamics have demonstrated good performances. They are commonly used when there is a lack of data or where the soil formation mechanisms are not yet described, parametrized and/or quantified. The process-based methods are those that use physically-based equations to describe various mechanisms affecting the soil formation and evolution. Though generating satisfactory results, they require that the physical processes acting in the study area are well defined and that parameters and input data are accurate. Finally, it is concluded that an adoption of the best soil depth estimation method depends on the type, quantity and quality of existing soil-data of the study area.
Keywords: Soil depth, mathematical methods, statistical methods, empirical methods, process-based methods
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Copyright (c) 2016 Gean Paulo Michel, Masato Kobiyama

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