Solos e os serviços ecossistêmicos (Soils and the Ecosystem Services)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v8.0.p673-684Keywords:
biodiversidade, ecologia profunda, sustentabilidadeAbstract
Nesse texto, apresentamos uma visão sobre serviços ecossistêmicos. Para isso, definimos ecossistema e o papel do solo no seu funcionamento. Serviços ecossistêmicos são os benefícios que as pessoas obtêm dos ecossistemas. A história dos serviços ecossistêmicos aponta que o tema não é novo. Porém, após a Avaliação Ecossistêmica do Milênio, o termo serviços ecossistêmicos se consolidou e é tratado em várias áreas de conhecimento. Hoje, a busca do meio técnico-científico é para um procedimento adequado para avaliar e efetuar pagamento aos responsáveis por manter os serviços ecossistêmicos. Há cada vez mais evidências de que os serviços ecossistêmicos são atingidos em função da biodiversidade dos ecossistemas. Biodiversidade é a variabilidade de organismos vivos em todos os níveis biológicos, compreendendo a diversidade dentro de espécies, entre espécies e de ecossistemas. O papel do solo neste contexto consiste de que a biodiversidade de um ecossistema acontece a partir do solo. É por meio do solo que ocorre o desenvolvimento da estrutura vegetal e, assim, o fornecimento de energia e matéria para os demais seres vivos das teias alimentares terrestres. Um ecossistema biodiverso só é possível pelo manejo ecológico aplicado ao solo. A abordagem desse texto passa pela compreensão da biodiversidade como propulsora dos serviços ecossistêmicos, os princípios da sustentabilidade do planeta, as concepções de ecologia profunda e ecologia reconciliatória, e a conexão do homem na rede planetária.
In this text, we present an overview of ecosystem services. We define ecosystem and the role of soil in its functioning. Ecosystem services are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems. The story of ecosystem services indicates that the subject is not new. However, after the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, the term ecosystem services consolidated and it is treated in various areas of knowledge. Today, the demand of the technical and scientific people is for an adequate procedure to assess and make payments to those responsible for maintaining ecosystem services. There is increasing evidence that ecosystem services are affected due to the biodiversity of ecosystems. Biodiversity is the variability of living organisms in all biological levels, including diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems. The role of the soil in this context is that the biodiversity of an ecosystem takes place from the soil. It is through the soil occurs the development of the plant structure and thus provides energy and material for the remaining life of the terrestrial food webs. A biodiversity ecosystem is possible by the ecological management applied to the soil. The approach of this text involves the understanding of biodiversity as a driver of ecosystem services, the principles of sustainability of the planet, the ideas of deep ecology and reconciliatory ecology, and the human connection in the global network.
Keywords: biodiversity, deep ecology, sustainability.
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Copyright (c) 2015 Fabiane Machado Vezzani

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