Efeito do Uso da Terra e Relevo na Distribuição Espacial e Vertical de Carbono do Solo em uma Bacia Hidrográfica Agrícola (Effect of land use and landform on soil spatial and vertical carbon distribution in an agricultural watershed)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v9.6.p1629-1643Keywords:
Erosão hídrica, Agricultura, Distribuição, DeposiçãoAbstract
Neste trabalho foram investigadas as relações entre o uso da terra e relevo com os teores de carbono orgânico total (COT) do solo, a fim de entender os padrões de distribuição espacial e vertical de C em uma bacia hidrográfica agrícola da região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Amostras de solo foram coletadas em 57 pontos, em cinco camadas: 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60 cm, totalizando 285 amostras. A grade de amostragem foi distribuída em diferentes classes de uso da terra (mata, área úmida, lavoura, campo antrópico) e de declividades (0-3, 3-8, 8-20%). O teor do COT foi estimado pelo método de digestão úmida. Os resultados mostraram que as áreas antropizadas apresentaram os menores teores de COT dentre os usos avaliados. Nas lavouras os menores teores de COT foram encontrados na meia encosta com declive entre 8-20% e as maiores em vertentes côncavas convergentes na posição inferior da encosta, a média entre os pontos de amostragem na camada 0-5 cm foi de 15,10,58 g kg-1. As áreas de campo apresentaram os menores teores de COT dentre os usos avaliados (χ ̅ 122,61 g kg-1). Já os maiores teores foram obtidos em área úmida (χ ̅ 43,14,53g kg-1), comprovando o grande potencial desses locais no sequestro de carbono. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os processos de erosão, redistribuição e deposição de COT são grandemente influenciados pelo uso da terra e pelas formas do relevo e, essas informações podem ser utilizadas para avaliar a dinâmica do carbono do solo na paisagem.
A B S T R A C T
In this work was investigate the relationship between land use and relief to the levels of total organic carbon (TOC) in order to understand its spatial and vertical distribution patterns in an agricultural watershed from the central region of Rio Grande do Sul State. Soil samples were collected at 57 points in five layers: 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60 cm, totalizing 285 samples. A sampling grid was distributed in different land use classes (forest, wetland, tillage, field) and slope (0-3, 3-8, 8-20%). The TOC content was estimated by wet digestion method. The results indicated that the anthropic areas of watershed had the lowest TOC among all of evaluated land uses. On tillage smaller TOC were found in middle hillside slope between 8-20% and higher in converging concave sections at the bottom of the hillside position and the average of the sampling points in the layer 0-5 cm was 15.1±0.58 g kg-1. The areas of field had the lowest TOC among the evaluated uses ( 12±2.61 g kg-1). In contrary, the highest ( 43.1±4.53 g kg-1) TOC contents were recorded in wetland, demonstrating the great potential of these locations in carbon sequestration. The result suggests that erosion, redistribution and deposition of TOC are greatly influenced by land use and relief forms. These findings can be useful tool to evaluate the soil carbon dynamics in the landscape.
Keywords: Water erosion, Agriculture, Distribution, Deposition.
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Copyright (c) 2016 Viviane Capoane, Danilo Rheinheimer dos Santos, Tatiana Mora Kuplich

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