Perspectivas de governança ambiental em áreas de nascentes no Estado da Paraíba-Brasil: rumo à sustentabilidade? (Perspectives of environmental governance in source’s areas in Paraíba State-Brazil: towards sustainability?)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-2295.20170026Keywords:
gestão ambiental, nascente, complexidade, interdisciplinaridadeAbstract
A gestão é fundamental para a manutenção dos recursos do meio ambiente. Observando os principais problemas que impactam nas nascentes dos rios, apresentados à WWF Brasil, fica evidente que a gestão constitui aspecto central a ser levado em consideração para que as externalidades de ordem negativa sejam minimizadas. O Brasil possui vasta legislação ambiental e de recursos hídricos, muito embora haja distanciamento entre a teoria e a prática, o que decorre, por exemplo, do fato de o Brasil ser uma democracia recente, não tendo a participação se tornado uma prática universal. Além disso, o envolvimento dos atores na gestão ambiental, quando acontece, se dá de forma assimétrica, pois grande parte do que é legitimado pelos marcos regulatórios é discutida em ambientes em que a técnica e o discurso rebuscado ainda limita a participação de todos e todas. Para a concretização da governança ambiental é necessário, portanto, haver a superação dos dilemas nos âmbitos da administração, da informação, dos interesses hegemônicos e do know how, considerados, pela OCDE, como lacunas que impedem a governança. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi discutir as perspectivas da governança ambiental da água no ecossistema de nascentes, com vistas à sustentabilidade ambiental. O que aconteceu através de uma abordagem metodológica predominantemente qualitativa, baseada na triangulação de dados. Com isso, foi possível relacionar dados do sujeito, do processo e do meio. Os resultados aos quais chegamos apontam que as perspectivas de gestão ambiental nas nascentes da Bacia do Rio Gramame vêm aumentando ao longo do tempo, ainda que o engajamento, a intersetorialidade e a sinergia entre os atores ainda constituam um grande desafio a ser superado.
A B S T R A C T
Management is fundamental to the maintenance of the environment resources. Observing the main problems that impact the river’s sources, presented to WWF Brazil, it is evident that management is a central aspect to be taken into consideration so that the negative externalities are minimized. Brazil has a vast environmental legislation and water resources, although there are distance between theory and practice with regard to environmental management. This distance is caused, for example, by the fact that Brazil is a recent democracy and then participation has not become a universal practice. Moreover, when there is an involvement of the actors, it happens in an asymmetrical way, as will as the discussions are limited in spaces in which predominate technical discourses. In order to achieve the environmental governance, it is necessary to overcome administrative dilemmas such as those linked to information problem, hegemonical interest power and know-how. These issues have been treated by the OECD as governance gaps necessary to overcoming in order to reach a real environmental governance. The objective of this work was to discuss the perspectives of environmental governance of water in the river source’s ecosystem, in a sustainable perspective. Through a qualitative methodological approach, based on the triangulation of data, it was possible to do relationship between data related to subject, social process and environment. The results indicate that the perspectives of environmental governance in the source’s areas of the Gramame River Basin have been increasing over time, although it is still necessary to improve practices in terms of social engagement, intersectoriality and synergy among the actors.Keywords: environmental management, source, complexity, interdisciplinarity.
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Copyright (c) 2017 Edilon Mendes Nunes, Claudio Jorge Moura de Castilho

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