Impacto do biochar de resíduos da indústria de biodiesel sobre os atributos de um solo arenoso
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v13.5.p2128-2138Keywords:
Reuso de resíduos, Biocarvão, Química do solo, Atividade enzimática, IncubaçãoAbstract
O biochar é produto da degradação térmica de materiais orgânicos na presença limitada de oxigênio (pirólise), e sua adição aos solos influencia nos atributos químicos, físicos e em comunidades microbianas. A produção do biochar pode ser uma alternativa para o reaproveitamento de resíduos da agro-indústria. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o impacto de resíduos gerados na indústria de biodiesel (puro e transformado em biochar) nas atividades enzimáticas, atributos químicos e microbiológicos do solo arenoso. O experimento foi distribuído em esquema fatorial 5 x 5, sendo o primeiro fator constituído por: apenas o solo (controle); resíduo de Graviola (RG), resíduo de Pinha (RP) biochar do resíduo de graviola (BG) e biochar do resíduo de pinha (BP) e o segundo fator, cinco tempos de incubação 0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias após incubação (DAI), com 4 repetições. Foram avaliados, atributos químicos do solo, carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM) e atividades enzimáticas (uréase, fosfatase acida e alcalina). Solos tratados com RG apresentaram um incremento na urease aos 120 DAI (3,8 vezes maior que o controle). A aplicação de BG ao solo no tempo 0 incrementou os teores de fosfatase ácida, fosfatase alcalina, uréase e CBM (1,1; 1,2; 1,4 e 1,1 vezes) e o pH (1,2 vezes). Solos que receberam BP apresentaram incrementos no pH, CBM aos 120 DAI, fosfatase alcalina aos 120 DAI e uréase aos 60 DAI. Ambos os resíduos e biochar de graviola contribuíram para a qualidade bioquímica, microbiológica e química do Neossolo regolítico arenoso.
Impact of biochar Residues from the biodiesel industry on the attributes of a sandy soil
A B S T R A C T
The current call for the use of renewable energy generates a quantity of waste that, if not handled correctly, can cause environmental damage. For this reason, research that aims to reuse these residues to be applied in agriculture has been carried out, such as those that transform such wastes into biochar. Biochar is a product of pyrolysis and its addition to soils has an influence on chemistry, physics and microbial communities. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of seed cake (pure and transformed into biochar) on the enzymatic activities, chemical and microbiological attributes of the sandy soil. The experiment was distributed in a 5 x 5 factorial scheme, the first factor being: only the soil (control); Graviola residue (RG), Pine cone residue (RP) Biochar of graviola residue (BG) and Biochar of pine cone residue (BP) and the second factor, five incubation times 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after incubation (DAI). Soil chemical attributes, microbial biomass carbon (CBM) and enzymatic activities (urea, acid and alkaline phosphatase) were evaluated. RG treated soils showed an increase in urease at 120 DAI (3.8 times greater than the control). The application of BG to the soil at time 0 increased the levels of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, urea and CBM (1.1; 1.2; 1.4 and 1.1 times) and pH (1.2 times). Soils that received BP showed increases in pH, CBM at 120 DAI, alkaline phosphatase at 120 DAI and urea at 60 DAI. Soursop biochar contributed to the biochemical and microbiological quality of the soil, demonstrating its greater potential for agricultural use compared to the others.
Keywords: biochar, soil chemistry, enzyme activity, incubation
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