Avaliação do Risco de Contaminação de Recursos Hídricos por Postos de Combustíveis na Bacia do Rio Piracicaba - MG.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v16.4.p1823-1843Keywords:
Hidrocarbonetos de Petróleo, Águas Subterrâneas, Perímetros de Proteção de PoçosAbstract
A água contaminada é considerada um problema de saúde pública por expor a população a substâncias que causam doenças crônicas e até a morte. Uma fonte de contaminação são as atividades que utilizam combustíveis fósseis, liberando no ambiente os hidrocarbonetos de petróleo (HP), sendo que o ecossistema aquático é considerado um dos destinos desses contaminantes. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é avaliar a potencialidade das contaminações dos recursos hídricos da bacia do Rio Piracicaba em Minas Gerais, por atividades de armazenamento e de distribuição de combustíveis em postos. O desenvolvimento do trabalho foi possível a partir de dados obtidos de licenciamentos ambientais e localização dos postos ou pontos de abastecimento, instalações de sistemas retalhistas e postos revendedores de combustíveis através de relatórios da Infraestrutura de Dados Espaciais do Sistema Estadual de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos no período de 2014 a 2020, bem como as informações sobre áreas contaminadas por HP disponibilizados no inventário anual de áreas contaminadas da Fundação Estadual do Meio Ambiente. Para avaliar se havia sobreposição das áreas de contaminação por postos de combustíveis com os locais de captação de água para consumo humano, foram definidos Raios Arbitrários Fixos (RAF), considerando a Zona de Influência (40 metros), Zona de Transporte (150 metros), Zona de Contribuição de baixa e média vulnerabilidade (300 metros) e Zona de Contribuição de alta vulnerabilidade (500 metros). Na bacia do Rio Piracicaba, as captações de água próximas das áreas contaminadas por HP e próximas aos postos de combustíveis, foi constatado o risco potencial de possível contaminação dos recursos hídricos.
Palavras-chave: hidrocarbonetos de petróleo, águas subterrâneas, perímetros de proteção de poços.
Assessment of the Risk of Water Resources Contamination by Gas Stations in the Piracicaba River Basin - MG
A B S T R A C T
W Contaminated water is considered a public health problem because it exposes the population to substances that cause chronic diseases and even death. One source of contamination are the activities that use fossil fuels, releasing into the environment petroleum hydrocarbons (HP), and the aquatic ecosystem is considered one of the destinations of these contaminants. The aim of this research is to evaluate the potentiality of the contamination of the hydric resources of the Piracicaba River basin in Minas Gerais, Brazil, by activities of storage and distribution of fuels in gas stations. The development of the work was possible from data obtained from environmental licensing and location of gas stations or supply points, retail systems facilities and fuel retail stations through reports of the Spatial Data Infrastructure of the State System of Environment and Water Resources in the period from 2014 to 2020, as well as the information on HP contaminated areas made available in the annual inventory of contaminated areas of the State Environmental Foundation. To assess whether there was overlap of the areas of contamination by gas stations with the water catchment sites for human consumption, Fixed Arbitrary Ranges (RAF) were defined, considering the Influence Zone (40 meters), Transport Zone (150 meters), Low and Medium Vulnerability Contribution Zone (300 meters) and High Vulnerability Contribution Zone (500 meters). In the Piracicaba River basin, water abstraction near areas contaminated by HP and near gas stations, the potential risk of possible contamination of water resources was found.
Keywords: petroleum hydrocarbons, groundwater, well protection perimeters.
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