Responses of Translocated Cattleya intermedia (Orchidaceae) to Environmental Key Features in a Vertical Gradient of Subtropical Forest, Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v17.1.p668-688Palavras-chave:
Epiphyte, Micropropagation, Orchid, Reinforcement, RestorationResumo
This study analyzed the survival and development of translocated Cattleya intermedia plants, aiming to understand why this threatened epiphyte is recorded growing mainly in the outermost parts of phorophytes and which are the main environmental factors related to its development, to know how to achieve conservation and restoration purposes. Plants propagated in vitro were translocated to a forest fragment (70 per phorophyte stratum: trunk and crown) in South Brazil and monitored for three years. The data indicated the ability of plants to grow along the vertical gradient of phorophytes. The orchids showed variations in the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments to adjust to environmental conditions, with higher concentrations in the crown and spring. Water content and nutrient concentration of translocated plants were similar to wild individuals. In the crown, plants were less affected by herbivory and some of them flowered three years after translocation. Plant survival and morphological and physiological aspects (growth, flower production and regulation of photosynthetic pigments), just as aspects of the trunk (inclination and circumference) and of the environment (light) indicated that C. intermedia has preference for the crown, being this the recommended stratum for its translocation aiming at conservation and environmental restoration.Downloads
Referências
Adhikari, Y.P., Fischer, A., Fischer, H.S., 2012. Micro-site conditions of epiphytic orchids in a human impact gradient in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Journal of Mountain Science 9, 331-342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-009-2262-1
Alvares, C.A., Stape, J.L., Sentelhas, P.C., Gonçalves, J.L.M., Sparovek, G., 2013. Köppen’s climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift 22, 711-728. https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG), 2016. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 181, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12385
Arditti, J., 1967. Factors affecting the germination of orchid seeds. The Botanical Review 33(1), 1-97. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02858656
Armstrong, D.P., Seddon, P.J., 2008. Directions in reintroduction biology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 23, 20-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2007.10.003
Atlas Socioeconômico do Rio Grande do Sul, 2021. Rio Grande do Sul, Secretaria de Planejamento, Governança e Gestão, Departamento de Planejamento Governamental. 6. ed. Porto Alegre: Secretaria de Planejamento, Governança e Gestão, Departamento de Planejamento Governamental, 203 p. Available at: https://atlassocioeconomico.rs.gov.br/edica. Access on: 15 March 2023.
Awasthi, O.P., Sharma, E., Palni, L.M.S., 1995. Stemflow: a source of nutrients in some naturally growing epiphytic orchids of the Sikkim Himalaya. Annals of Botany 75, 5-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-7364(05)80003-4
Barros, F., Vinhos, F., Rodrigues, V.T., Barberena, F.F.V.A., Fraga, C.N., Pessoa, E.M., Forster, W., Menini Neto, L., Furtado, S.G., Nardy, C., Azevedo, C.O., Guimarães, L.R.S., 2015. Orchidaceae. In: Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available at: http://floradobrasil2015.jbrj.gov.br/jabot/floradobrasil/FB179. Access on: 18 March 2023.
Bauer, D., Goetz, M.N.B., Müller, A., Schmitt, J.L., 2012. Fenologia de três espécies de Myrsine L. em Floresta Secundária Semidecídua no Sul do Brasil. Revista Árvore 36, 859-868. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-67622012000500008
Benzing, D.H., 1990. Vascular epiphytes: General biology and related biota. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 354 p.
Benzing, D.H., 2004. Vascular epiphytes. In: Lowman, M.D., Rinker, H.B. (eds.). Forest canopies, Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press, p. 175-211.
Benzing, D.H., Ott, D.W., Friedman, W.E., 1982. Roots of Sobralia macrantha
(Orchidaceae): structure and function of the velamen-exodermis complex. American Journal of Botany 69, 608-614. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1982.tb13297.x
Brasil, J.B., Andrade, E.M., Palácio, H.A.Q., Medeiros, P.H.A., Santos, J.C.N., 2018. Characteristics of precipitation and the process of interception in a seasonally dry tropical forest. Journal of Hydrology 19, 307-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2018.10.006
Buzatto, C.R., Ferreira, P.P.A., Welker, C.A.D., Seger, G.D.S., Hertzog, A., Singer, R.B., 2010. O gênero Cattleya Lindl. (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae) no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Biociências 8, 388-398.
Callegari-Jacques, S.M., 2003. Bioestatística: princípios e aplicações. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 255 p.
CNCFlora, 2023. Centro Nacional de Conservação da Flora. Available at: http://cncflora.jbrj.gov.br/portal/pt-br/profile/Cattleya%20intermedia. Access on: 6 March 2023.
Curran, P.J., Dungan, J.L., Gholz, H.L., 1990 Exploring the relationship between reflectance red edge and chlorophyll content in slash pine. Tree Physiology 7, 33-48. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/7.1-2-3-4.33
Decruse, S.W., Gangaprasad, A., Seeni, S., Menon, S., 2003. Micropropagation and ecorestoration of Vanda spathulata, an exquisite orchid. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 72, 199-202. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022267009531
Dixon, K., Phillips, R.D., 2007. The orchid conservation challenge. Lankesteriana 7, 11-12. https://doi.org/10.15517/lank.v7i1-2.18384
Dorneles, L.T., Trevelin, V., 2011. Aclimatização e reintrodução de Cattleya intermedia Graham ex Hook (Orchidaceae) obtidas por propagação in vitro. Iheringia, Série Botânica 66, 167-174.
Dycus, A.M., Knudson L., 1957. The role of the velamen of the aerial roots of orchids. Botanical Gazette 119, 78-87. https://doi.org/10.1086/335966
Endres Júnior, D., Sasamori, M.H., Cavalleri, A., Droste, A., 2015b. Helionothrips errans (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): a new threat to native orchids in Brazil. Florida Entomologist 98, 1247-1249. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.098.0437
Endres Júnior, D., Sasamori, M.H., Silveira, T., Schmitt, J.L., Droste, A., 2015a. Reintrodução de Cattleya intermedia Graham (Orchidaceae) em borda e interior de um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual no sul do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Biociências 13, 33-40.
Endres Júnior, D., Sasamori, M.H., Schmitt, J.L., Droste, A., 2018. Survival and development of reintroduced Cattleya intermedia plants related to abiotic factors and herbivory at the edge and in the interior of a forest fragment in South Brazil. Acta Botanica Brasilica 32, 555-566. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062018abb0009
Endres Júnior, D., Sasamori, M.H., Petry, C.T., Santos, M.S., Droste, A., 2019. Host tree bark traits and development of reintroduced Cattleya intermedia (Orchidaceae) plants in Southern Brazil. Rodriguésia 70, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201970046
Endres Júnior, D., Sasamori, M.H., Müller, A., Schmitt, J.L., Droste, A., 2022. Light drives vegetative phenology of Cattleya intermedia (Orchidaceae): a key factor for the establishment of plants translocated into a fragment of subtropical Atlantic Forest. Australian Journal of Botany 70, 409-420. https://doi.org/10.1071/BT21115
Epstein, E., 1972. Mineral nutrition of plants: principles and perspectives. New York: J. Wiley and Sons, 412 p.
Erickson, L.C., 1957. Respiration and photosynthesis in Cattleya roots. American Orchid Society Bulletin 26: 401-402.
Falk, D.A., Millar, C.I., Olwell, M. 1996. Guidelines for developing a rare plant reintroduction plan. In: Falk, D.A., Millar, C.I., Olwell, M. (eds.), Restoring diversity: strategies for reintroduction of endangered plants, Washington: Island Press, p. 453-490.
Fay, M., 2018. Orchid conservation: how can we meet the challenges in the twenty-first century? Botanical Studies 59, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-018-0232-z
Filella, I., Serrano, I., Serra, J., Peñuelas, J., 1995. Evaluating wheat nitrogen status with canopy reflectance indices and discriminant analysis. Crop Science 35, 1400-1405. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1995.0011183X003500050023x
Gale, S.W., Fischer, G.A., Cribb, P.J., Fay, M.F., 2018. Orchid conservation: bridging the gap between science and practice. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 186, 425-434. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boy003
Gonçalves, C.N., Waechter, J.L., 2002. Epífitos vasculares sobre espécimes de Ficus organensis isoladas no norte da planície costeira do Rio Grande do Sul: padrões de abundância e distribuição. Acta Botanica Brasilica 16, 429-441. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062002000400006
Gonçalves, C.N., Waechter, J.L., 2003. Aspectos florísticos e ecológicos de epífitos vasculares sobre figueiras isoladas no norte da planície costeira do Rio Grande do Sul. Acta Botanica Brasilica 17, 89-100. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062003000100007
Gowland, K.M., Wood, J., Clements, M.A., Nicotra, A., 2011. Significant phorophyte (substrate) bias is not explained by fitness benefits in three epiphytic orchid species. American Journal of Botany 98, 197-206. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1000241
Guerrant, E.O., Kaye, T.N. 2007. Reintroduction of rare and endangered plants: common factors, questions and approaches. Australian Journal of Botany 55, 362-370. https://doi.org/10.1071/BT06033
Hölscher, D., Köhler, L., Dijk, A.I.J.M., Bruijnzeel, L.A.S., 2004. The importance of epiphytes to total rainfall interception by a tropical montane rain forest in Costa Rica. Journal of Hydrology 292, 308-322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.01.015
Hoshino, R.T., Souza-Junior, H., Tejo, D.P., Pedro Junior, S., Sherer, A., Faria, R.T., 2023. Mineral nutrition in orchids. Agronomy Science and Biotechnology 9, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.33158/ASB.r178.v9.2023 Holttum, R.E., 1955. Growth habits of monocotyledons: variation on a theme.
Phytomorphology: International Journal of Plant Morphology 5, 399-413.
IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, MMA – Ministério do Meio Ambiente, 2012. Manual técnico da vegetação brasileira: sistema fitogeográfico, inventário das formações florestais e campestres, técnicas e manejo de coleções botânicas, procedimentos para mapeamentos. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, 275 p.
IUCN/SSC – International Union for Conservation of Nature/Species Survival Commission, 2013. Guidelines for reintroductions and other conservation translocations. Gland: IUCN Species Survival Commission, 57 p. Available at: https://portals.iucn.org/library/efiles/documents/2013-009.pdf. Access on: 19 February 2023.
Johansson, D., 1974. Ecology of vascular epiphytes in West African rain forest. Acta Phytogeografica Suecica 59, 1-136.
Kersten, R.A., Borgo, M., Silva, S.M., 2009. Diversity and distribution of vascular epiphytes in an insular Brazilian coastal forest. Revista de Biologia Tropical 57, 749-759.
Kirillova, I.A., Dubrovskiy, Y.A., Degteva, S.V., Novakovskiy, A.B., 2023. Ecological and habitat ranges of orchids in the northernmost regions of their distribution areas: A case study from Ural Mountains, Russia. Plant Diversity 45, 211-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2022.08.005
Larson, R.J., 1992. Population dynamics of Encyclia tampensis in Florida. Selbyana 13, 50-56. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41759792
Leal, I.R., Wirth, R., Tabarelli, M., 2012. Formigas-cortadeiras e a ambiguidade de suas relações com plantas. In: Del-Claro, K., Torezan-Silingardi, H.M., (eds.). Ecologia das interações plantas-animais – uma abordagem ecológico-evolutiva, Rio de Janeiro: Technical Books, p. 215-239.
Lima, T.M., Silva, S.F., Ribeiro, R.V., Sánchez-Vilas, J., Pinheiro, F., 2023. Short-term salt spray reveals high salt tolerance in a neotropical orchid species. Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology 35, 355–362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40626-023-00291-3
McCree, K.J., Fernández, C.J., 1989. Simulation model for studying physiological water stress responses of whole plants. Crop Science 29, 353-360. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1989.0011183X002900020025x
Menini Neto, L., Barros, F., Vinhos, F., Furtado, S.G., Judice, D.M., Fernandez, E.P., Sfair, J.C., Barros, F.S.M., Prieto, P.V., Kutschenko, D.C., Moraes, M.A., Zanata, M.R.V., Santos Filho, L.A.F., 2013. Orchidaceae. In: Martinelli, G., Moraes, M.A., (eds.). Livro Vermelho da Flora do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro: Andrea Jakobsson: Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, p. 749-818.
Moreira, A.S.F.P., Lemos Filho, J.P., Isaias, R.M.S., 2013. Structural adaptations of
two sympatric epiphytic orchids (Orchidaceae) to a cloudy forest environment in rocky
outcrops of Southeast Brazil. Revista de Biologia Tropical 61, 1053-1065.
Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum 15, 473-497. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x
Naik, S.K., Barman, D., Upadhyaya, R.C., 2006. Correlation studies on nutrient content of epiphytic orchids and associated substratum. Journal of Ornamental Horticulture 9, 133-135.
Ng, C.K.Y., Hew, C.S., 2000. Orchid pseudobulbs – ‘false’ bulbs with a genuine importance in orchid growth and survival! Scientia Horticulturae 83, 165-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(99)00084-9
Parthibhan, S., Kumar, T., Rao, M.V., 2015. Phenology and reintroduction strategies for Dendrobium aqueum Lindley – An endemic, near threatened orchid. Journal for Nature Conservation 24, 68-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2014.11.003
Pavlik, B.M., 1996. Defining and measuring success. In: Falk, D.A., Millar, C.I., Olwell, M. (eds.). Restoring diversity: strategies for reintroduction of endangered plants, Washington: Island Press, p. 127-155.
Pereira, H.M., Leadley, P.W., Proença, V., Alkemade, R., Scharlemann, J.P., Fernandez-Manjarrés, J.F., Araújo, M.B., Balvanera, P., Biggs, R., Cheung, W.W., Chini, L., Cooper, H.D., Gilman, E.L., Guénette, S., Hurtt, G.C., Huntington, H.P., Mace, G.M., Oberdorff. T., Revenga, C., Rodrigues, P., Scholes, R.J., Sumaila, U.R., Walpole, M., 2010. Scenarios for global biodiversity in the 21st century. Science 330, 1496-1501. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1196624
Reiter, N., Vlcek, K., O’Brien, N., Gibson, M., Pitts, D., Brown, G.R., Bower, C.C., Phillips, R.D., 2017. Pollinator rarity limits reintroduction sites in an endangered sexually deceptive orchid (Caladenia hastata): implications for plants with specialized pollination systems. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 184, 122-136. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/box017
Reiter, N., Whitfield, J., Pollard, G., Bedggood, W., Argall, M., Dixon, K., Davis, B., Swarts, N., 2016. Orchid re-introductions: an evaluation of success and ecological considerations using key comparative studies from Australia. Plant Ecology 217, 81-95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-015-0561-x
Ren, H., Zeng, S., Li, L., Zhang, Q., Yang, L., Wang, J., Wang, Z., Guo, Q., 2012. Reintroduction of Tigridiopalma magnifica, a rare and critically endangered herb endemic to China. Oryx 46, 391-398. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605311000615
Renison, D., Jaaks, G., Pollice, J., Herrero, M.L., 2023. Forest restoration under leaf-cutting ant pressure: distance from ant nests and plastic tree shelters improve sapling survival. Restoration Ecology 31, e13723. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13723
Rio Grande do Sul. Decreto n° 52.109, de 01 de dezembro de 2014. Declara as espécies da flora nativa ameaçadas de extinção no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre, Lex-Diário Oficial do Rio Grande do Sul, ano LXXII, nº 233, 2-11. 2014.
Rubluo, A., Chávez, V., Martínez, A.P., Martínez-Vásquez, O., 1993. Strategies for the recovery of endangered orchids and cacti through in-vitro culture. Biological Conservation 63, 163-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(93)90505-U
Sasamori, M.H., Endres-Júnior, D., Droste, A., 2014. Sobrevivência e desenvolvimento de plântulas de Cattleya intermedia Graham (Orchidaceae) micropropagadas e aclimatadas em substratos com fibra de coco. Pesquisas, Série Botânica 65, 293-303.
Sasamori, M.H., Endres-Júnior, D., Droste, A., 2015. Asymbiotic culture of Cattleya intermedia Graham (Orchidaceae): the influence of macronutrient salts and sucrose concentrations on survival and development of plantlets. Acta Botanica Brasilica 29, 292-298. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062014abb0054
Sasamori, M.H., Endres-Júnior, D., Droste, A., 2018. In vitro propagation of Vriesea incurvata: conservation of a bromeliad endemic to the Atlantic Forest. Iheringia, Série Botânica 73, 151-158. https://doi.org/10.21826/2446-8231201873207
Schmidt, G., Zotz, G., 2002. Inherently slow growth in two Caribbean epiphytic species: a demographic approach. Journal of Vegetation Science 13, 527-534. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2002.tb02079.x
Seeni, S., Latha, P.G., 2000. In vitro multiplication and ecorehabilitation of the endangered blue vanda. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 61, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006444614657
Segovia-Rivas A., Meave, J.A., González, E.J., Pérez-García, E.A., 2018. Experimental reintroduction and host preference of the microendemic and endangered orchid Barkeria whartoniana in a Mexican Tropical Dry Forest. Journal for Nature Conservaton 43, 156-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2018.04.004
Silva, J.S., Piedade, M.T.F., Klein, V.P., Durgante, F.M., Wittmann, F., Quaresma, A.C., 2023. Large diameters and tree bark physical attributes drive vascular epiphyte-phorophyte relationships in Amazonian black-water floodplain forest. Plant Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-023-01387-1
Soares, J.S., Santiago, E.F., Sorgato, J.C., 2020. Conservation of Schomburgkia crispa Lindl. (Orchidaceae) by reintroduction into a fragment of the Brazilian Cerrado. Journal for Nature Conservation 53, 125754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2019.125754
Suetsugu, K., Sugita, R., Yoshihara, A., Okada, H., Akita, K., Nagata, N., Tanoi, K., Kobayashi, K., 2023. Aerial roots of the leafless epiphytic orchid Taeniophyllum are specialized for performing crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis. New Phytologist 238, 932–937. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18812
Taiz, L., Møller, I.M., Murphy, A., Zeiger, E., 2022. Plant Physiology and Development. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates, 864 p.
Tedesco, M.J., Gianello, C., Bissani, C.A., Bohnen, H., Volkweiss, S.J., 1995. Análises de solo, plantas e outros materiais, Porto Alegre: Departamento de solos, UFRGS, 174 p.
Ulum, F.B., Setyati, D., Su’udi, K., 2023. Epiphytic ferns and orchids adaptation mechanism based on stomatal structure and chlorophyll content in Urban Forest of Jember University, Indonesia. Life Science and Biotechnology 1, 10-15. https://doi.org/10.19184/lsb.v1i1.39678
UN – United Nations, 2023. Sustainable Development Goals. Available at: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/development-agenda/. Access on: 19 March 2023.
van den Berg, C. Cattleya in Flora e Funga do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available at: https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/FB11338. Acess on: 18 March 2023.
Ventre-Lespiaucq, A.B., Delgado, J.A., Ospina-Calderón, N.H., Otero, J.T., Escudero, A., Sánchez, M.A., Balaguer, L., Flanagan, N.S., 2017. A tropical epiphytic orchid uses a low-light interception strategy in a spatially heterogeneous light environment. Biotropica 49, 318-327. https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12425
Wellburn, A.R., 1994. The spectral determination of chlorophylls a and b, as well as total carotenoids, using various solvents with spectrophotometers of different resolution. Journal of Plant Physiology 144, 307-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-1617%2811%2981192-2
Wu, K., Zeng, S., Lin, D., Silva, J.A.T., Bu, Z., Zhang, J., Duan, N.J., 2014. In vitro propagation and reintroduction of the endangered Renanthera imschootiana Rolfe. PLoS One, 9, e110033. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0110033
Yang, S.J., Sun, M., Yang, Q.W., Ma, R.Y., Zhang, J.L., Zhang, S.B., 2016. Two strategies by epiphytic orchids for maintaining water balance: thick cuticles in leaves and water storage in pseudobulbs. AoB Plants 8, 1-11. https://doi.org//10.1093/aobpla/plw046
Zeng, S.J., Chen, Z.L., Wu, K.L., Zhang, J.X., Bai, C.K., Teixeira da Silva, J.A., Duan, J., 2011. Asymbiotic seed germination, induction of calli and protocorm-like bodies, and in vitro seedling development of the rare and endangered Nothodoritis Zhejiangensis chinese orchid. HortScience 46, 460-465. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.46.3.460
Zotz, G., 1995. How fast does an epiphyte grow? Selbyana 16, 150-154. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41759900
Zotz, G., 1998. Demography of the epiphytic orchid, Dimerandra emarginata. Journal of
Tropical Ecology 14, 725-741. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467498000534
Zotz, G., Hietz, P., 2001. The physiological ecology of vascular epiphytes: current knowledge, open questions. Journal of Experimental Botany 52, 2067-2078. https://doi.org/10.1093/jexbot/52.364.2067
Zotz, G., Tyree, M.T., 1996. Water stress in the epiphytic orchid, Dimerandra emarginata (G. Meyer) Hoehne. Oecologia 107, 151-159. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00327898
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2024 Delio Endres júnior, Márcio Hisayuki Sasamori, Camila Tamires Petry, Annette Droste
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Autores que publicam na Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física concordam com os seguintes termos:
Autores mantêm os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (exemplo: depositar em repositório institucional ou publicar como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
Autores têm permissão para disponibilizar seu trabalho online antes ou durante o processo editorial, em redes sociais acadêmicas, repositórios digitais ou servidores de preprints. Após a publicação na Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física, os autores se comprometem a atualizar as versões preprint ou pós-print do autor, nas plataformas onde foram originalmente disponibilizadas, informando o link para a versão final publicada e outras informações relevantes, com o reconhecimento da autoria e da publicação inicial nesta revista.
Qualquer usuário tem direito de:
Compartilhar — copiar e redistribuir o material em qualquer suporte ou formato para qualquer fim, mesmo que comercial.
Adaptar — remixar, transformar e criar a partir do material para qualquer fim, mesmo que comercial.
O licenciante não pode revogar estes direitos desde que você respeite os termos da licença.
De acordo com os termos seguintes:
Atribuição — Você deve dar o crédito apropriado, prover um link para a licença e indicar se mudanças foram feitas. Você deve fazê-lo em qualquer circunstância razoável, mas de nenhuma maneira que sugira que o licenciante apoia você ou o seu uso.
Sem restrições adicionais — Você não pode aplicar termos jurídicos ou medidas de caráter tecnológico que restrinjam legalmente outros de fazerem algo que a licença permita.
