Erosão Potencial Laminar Hídrica em um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo sob Três Formas de Cultivo (Water Layer Erosion Potential in an Oxisol Under Three Cultivation Forms)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v7.1.p193-206Keywords:
Equação universal de perda solo, escoamento superficial, integração lavoura-pecuária.Abstract
O manejo e a cobertura influenciam na erosão do solo. Os objetivos desse experimento foram determinar as perdas de solo e água e os fatores da Equação Universal de Perda de Solo (EUPS) em condições de chuva natural em um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo com declividade média de 20%. Foram avaliados três tratamentos relativos ao manejo do solo e da vegetação de cobertura. Para cada tratamento foram instaladas duas parcelas. As parcelas apresentaram tratamentos diferenciados, correspondentes a duas formas de cobertura do solo e um tratamento com solo descoberto: solo exposto, pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk e área manejada com o consórcio milho e braquiária (integração lavoura-pecuária). O valor considerado para o fator (P) foi de 0,5. As perdas de solo e água foram: 117,79 t ha-1 e 2.372,230 L ha-1; 94,68 t ha-1 e 2.086,570 L ha-1; 20,50 t ha-1 e 1.687,135 L ha-1 para o solo exposto, braquiária e braquiária com milho, respectivamente. O fator erosividade (R) foi de 7.589 MJ mm ha-1h-1; o de erodibilidade (K) 0,009 t ha MJ-1mm-1, enquanto os valores do fator (C) foram de 1, 0,54 e 0,15 para os tratamentos solo exposto, braquiária pura e para o consórcio milho com braquiária, respectivamente. Dessa forma, concluiu-se que, o consórcio milho com braquiária reduziu as perdas de solo e água em relação à parcela com solo exposto e a parcela apenas com braquiária.
ABSTRACT
The erosion is influenced by the management and soil cover. The aim were to determinate the soil and water losses and the factors of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) in natural rainfall conditions under Oxisol with 20% slope. Three managements were evaluated: soil without plant cultivation, Brachiaria decumbens signal cultivation and crop-pasture integrated system. In each management, two plots were implemented. The assumed value of the factor P (practice factor) was 0,5. The soil and water losses were of 117,79 t ha-1 and 2.372,230 L ha-1, 94,68 t ha-1 and 2.086,570 L ha-1, 20,50 t ha-1 and 1.687,135 L ha-1 for the soil without plant cultivation, B. decumbens signal cultivation and maize with B. decumbens consortium, respectively. The rainfall and runoff factor (R) was 7.589 MJ mm ha-1h-1 and the soil erodibility factor (K) was 0,009 t ha MJ1 mm-1. The values of cover and management factor (C) were of 1, 0,54 e 0,15 for the soil without plant cultivation, B. decumbens signal cultivation and maize with B. decumbens consortium, respectively. Thus, it was concluded that maize with B. decumbens consortium reduced losses of soil and water compared to soil without plant cultivation plot and B. decumbens signal cultivation plot.
Keywords: crop-pasture integrated system, runoff, universal soil loss equation.
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Copyright (c) 2014 Anne Caroline Barbosa de Carvalho, Celso Bandeira de Melo Ribeiro, Wadson Sebastião Duarte da Rocha, Carlos Eugênio Martins, Fausto de Souza Sobrinho
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