Os impactos das mudanças climáticas sobre os recursos hídricos e a produção animal em regiões semiáridas (Impacts of climate change on water resources and animal production in semi-arid regions)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v8.0.p598-609Keywords:
água, aumento da temperatura, bem-estar animal, ruminantes, sistema de produçãoAbstract
As zonas áridas e semiáridas em todo mundo têm expressivos rebanhos de grandes e pequenos ruminantes, que fazem parte de importantes sistemas de produção e da geração de renda das populações. As mudanças climáticas estão atingindo a pecuária destas regiões e, consequentemente, suas produções estão sendo afetadas significativamente, por problemas de baixa oferta hídrica, queda na produção e disponibilidade de forragens, bem-estar animal, causadas por alterações da temperatura, radiação solar, evapotranspiração, baixa pluviosidade e umidade do solo. Este desafio está posto e só poderá ser superado com um esforço conjunto de várias instituições, envolvendo governos, organizações e instituições de pesquisas, que possam aportar recursos, conhecimentos, ferramentas e tecnologias capazes de proporcionar a sustentabilidade ambiental e econômica da atividade pecuária. Este artigo aborda alguns aspectos relacionados aos efeitos das mudanças climáticas sobre os recursos hídricos e as consequências sobre a produção animal. Descreve algumas ferramentas de zoneamento bioclimático e de monitoramento de risco pecuário, além de trazer algumas possíveis alternativas de mitigação aos efeitos das mudanças climáticas, particularmente, relacionadas a diminuição da oferta hídrica para os sistemas de produção de ruminantes, no semiárido.
Arid and semi-arid areas in the world has significant herds of large and small ruminants, which are part of major production systems and the generation of income populations. Climate change is affecting the livestock of these regions and, consequently, their productions are being significantly affected by low water supply problems, decrease in the production and availability of feed, animal welfare, caused by changes in temperature, solar radiation, evapotranspiration, low rainfall and soil moisture. This challenge is set and can only be overcome by a joint effort of various institutions, involving governments, organizations and research institutions that can provide resources, knowledge, tools and technologies that provide environmental and economic sustainability of the livestock activity. This article discusses some aspects related to the effects of climate change on water resources and the consequences on animal production. Describes some tools of zones bioclimatic and livestock risk monitoring, and bring some possible alternatives to mitigate the effects of climate change, particularly related to decreased water supply to the ruminant production systems in semi-arid.
Keyworlds: water, increase temperature, animal welfare, ruminants, production system.
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