Caracterização de aquíferos físsuro-cársticos: Bases conceituais e proposições
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v16.3.p1288-1303Keywords:
Aquífero, Modelo Conceitual, Físsuro-CársticoAbstract
The aim of this paper is to contribute to the knowledge about mixed aquifers composed by two types of porosity: karstic dissolution and fracturing. This type of aquifer is commonly cited in the literature, but often informally, without a strict definition and all the necessary constrains for the proper understanding of the conceptual model. Thus, in this paper it is proposed that the fissure-karstic aquifers are those in which planar porosity (mainly fractures and bedding planes) occurs together with secondary porosity by karstic dissolution in the same hydrostratigraphic unit. These aquifers can be quite complex, since the water flow can change from laminar to turbulent or the opposite, when groundwater migrates through the different rock types. An important aspect to be evaluated is the observation scale and dimensions of these rock bodies. Fissure-karstic aquifers comprise carbonate lenses with a maximum of tens of meters in thickness and hundreds of meters wide. When carbonate is continuous or the lenses are very thick and laterally amalgamated the aquifers should be approached as a karstic system. Another important point is that water from the fissure-karstic aquifers is exploited by single wells that cut different sections of both types of rock, and so, the reservoir management should be treated as a single system. As a conclusion, the final approach shows many geological situations result in mixed aquifers that could be treated as fissure-karstic. The inclusion in an adequate conceptual framework is very important to many applications, including aquifer characterization, groundwater management and water resources quantification.
Characterization of fissure-karst aquifers: Conceptual bases and propositions*
R E S U M O
O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir com o conhecimento sobre aquíferos mistos compostos por dois tipos de porosidade: por dissolução cárstica e por fraturamento. Esse tipo de aquífero é comumente citado na literatura, mas muitas vezes informalmente, sem uma definição estrita e todos os limites necessários para a compreensão adequada do modelo conceitual. Assim, neste artigo é proposto que os aquíferos físsuro-cársticos são aqueles em que a porosidade secundária planar (principalmente fraturas e planos de acamamento) ocorre simultaneamente com a porosidade secundária por dissolução cárstica na mesma unidade hidroestratigráfica. Esses aquíferos podem ser bastante complexos, uma vez que o fluxo de água pode mudar de laminar para turbulento ou o oposto, quando as águas subterrâneas migram através dos diferentes tipos de rochas. Um aspecto importante a ser avaliado é a escala de observação e dimensões desses corpos rochosos. Aquíferos físsuro-cársticos compreendem lentes de rochas carbonáticas com um máximo de dezenas de metros de espessura e centenas de metros de largura. Quando o carbonato é contínuo ou as lentes são muito espessas e amalgamadas lateralmente os aquíferos devem ser tratados como um sistema cárstico clássico. Outro ponto importante é que a água dos aquíferos físsuro-cársticos é explotada por poços únicos que cortam diferentes seções de ambos os tipos de rocha, e assim, a gestão do reservatório deve ser tratada como um único sistema. Como conclusão, a abordagem final mostra muitas situações geológicas resultando em aquíferos mistos que poderiam ser tratados como físsuro-cárstico. O enquadramento em um modelo conceitual adequado é muito importante para diversas aplicações, incluindo a caracterização de aquíferos, a gestão de águas subterrâneas e a quantificação dos recursos hídricos.
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