Análise Quantitativa da Variabilidade da Chuva em João Pessoa-PB, em Várias Escalas de Tempo (Quantitative Analysis of the Rain Variability in João Pessoa-PB, on Several Time Scales)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-2295.20150099Keywords:
Mudanças ClimáticasAbstract
A área de interesse para este estudo foi João Pessoa, capital do Estado da Paraíba, localizada no litoral do Nordeste do Brasil. Neste estudo foram utilizados totais diários (1961 a 2012) da precipitação observada na estação climatológica do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET), em João Pessoa-PB. Os dados foram usados para estudar a variabilidade da chuva em várias escalas de tempo, investigando as anomalias de precipitação em anos de El Niño e La Niña, como também identificar eventos de chuva intensa com ênfase em casos extremos. Os resultados destacam os meses de abril a julho como o período de picos máximos da precipitação média mensal e da frequência máxima do número de dias com chuva, bem como o período de número máximo de eventos extremos de chuva. Os desvios padronizados de precipitação (DPP) mensais apresentam valores negativos e positivos, entre -1,7 e 3,7. Observou-se que os DPP negativos predominam tanto na época de El Niño (62,04%) quanto de La Niña (56,37%), o que significa uma diminuição no volume de chuva, mas não representa uma evidência significativa da influência dos fenômenos El Niño e La Niña sobre a variabilidade da chuva. No ciclo diário, ficou evidente a importância da circulação de brisa terrestre no regime de precipitação da cidade de João Pessoa, já que favorece a chuva no final da noite até o inicio da manhã, com frequência máxima as 6 HL (Horário Local).
A B S T R A C T
The area of interest for this study was João Pessoa, capital of Paraiba State, located on the coast of Northeast Brazil. In this study daily (1961-2012) rainfall totals observed at the meteorological station of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) in João Pessoa-PB were employed. The data were used to study the variability of rainfall on various time scales, investigating the precipitation anomalies in El Niño and La Niña years, as well as identifying heavy rainfall events with an emphasis on extreme cases. The results highlight the months from April to July as the period of maxima in the mean monthly precipitation, and in the frequency of rain days and extreme rainfall events. The monthly standardized precipitation deviation (DPP) shows negative and positive values ranging from -1.7 to 3.7. It was observed that negative DPP are more frequent both at the time of El Niño (62.04%) and La Niña (56.37%), which means a decrease in the volume of rainfall. But these results do not confirm a significant evidence of the influence of El Niño and La Niña phenomena on rainfall variability. In the daily cycle, it was evident the importance of the land breeze circulation in the precipitation regime of the city of João Pessoa, since it favors rainfall in late evening up to early morning, with maximum frequency at 6 LT (Local Time).
Keywords: Urban Area. Precipitation. Extreme Event. Standard Deviation.
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Copyright (c) 2016 Biancca Correia de Medeiros, Aldinete Bezerra Barreto, José Diorgenes Alves de Oliveira, Regina Aragão Silva
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