40 Years Extreme Offshore Waves off the Eastern Continental Shelf of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeast Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v16.2.p1040-1059Palavras-chave:
Extreme Wave, ERA5, Satellite Altimetry, Generalized Pareto Distribution, Coastal DisasterResumo
Unplanned occupation and extreme metocean events bring disasters to coastal lowlands. Such processes have promoted damages to backshore structures along the Rio Grande do Norte State (RN), Northeast Brazil, harming goods, industries, tourism, traditional populations and sensitive ecosystems. The RN’s coast lacks long-term monitoring data of metocean drivers, which are useful for decision-takers. This study aims to assess extreme ocean waves off RN’s continental shelf. Time series of wind speed, tide and wave parameters have been obtained from AVISO satellite altimetry and ERA5 reanalysis, between 1979 and 2021, in a virtual station at 6.0ºS/34.7ºW. Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD) fitting of wave significant high (Hs) was performed. Registers of disasters along the coast of study area were collected from local online media. Waves have reached Hs maximum of 3.30 m, average of 0.76 m, coming from east-southeast and southeast. Winter and spring seasons have presented higher waves, related to action of trade winds. Wind speed occurred mainly between 6 and 8 m/s. GPD estimated Hs increasing 2 (summer, winter and spring) and 2.4 times (autumn) above its average, each 2 years. Per decade, Hs may overcome 2.7 times its average in autumn – season that presented the highest proportion of increasing. Previous increasing of wind speed is more important than its scalar value, to form an extreme wave. Hs at the virtual station had its upper peak either at the same day or one-two days before of coastal damage, which means that ocean storms offshore can propagate coastward quickly.Downloads
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