Índices de Conforto Térmico e suas Variações Sazonais em Cidades de Diferentes Dimensões na Região Amazônica (Thermal comfort indices and their seasonal variations in cities of different sizes in the Amazon Region)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v6.3.p478-487Keywords:
Conforto Térmico, Amazônia, Clima Urbano.Abstract
O objetivo desta investigação foi quantificar a variabilidade média horária do conforto térmico em quatro cidades de diferentes dimensões e localizações na Amazônia Brasileira (Belém-PA, Manaus-AM, Macapá-AP e Santarém-PA). Na quantificação do conforto térmico foi utilizado o Índice de Calor (IC) que considera somente a temperatura e a umidade relativa do ar. A metodologia de investigação consistiu na coleta da dados médios horários de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, respectivamente para os meses de março (chuvoso) e setembro (seco) para os anos de 2009 a 2012. Estações meteorológicas automáticas foram instaladas nos centros urbanos destas cidades. As séries mensais obtidas das variáveis foram comparadas com o objetivo verificar suas variações médias no tempo (Kruskal-Wallis, p < 0,005). Os resultados indicaram que tais diferenças foram significativas no período seco (H(95;0,05) = 8,133), e p = 0,043), contudo não ocorrendo significância no período chuvoso (H(95;0,05) = 2,54, e p = 0,466). Tais resultados sugerem que as cidades mais próximas de grandes corpos d´água tendem a apresentar menores ICs, independente de suas dimensões, podendo estar associadas a efeitos de brisas predominantes. Em relação ao efeito sazonal, estatisticamente os resultados dos ICs foram semelhantes no período chuvoso e significativamente distintos no período seco. Conclui-se que o IC tende a ser mais afetado pelas interferências urbanas durante o período seco, não ocorrendo o mesmo no período chuvoso. Deste modo, durante a época chuvosa, acredita-se que a presença de sistemas meteorológicos de grande escala, como a ZCIT, tende a homogeneizar as condições meteorológicas predominantes nestes locais, independentemente de suas dimensões ou proximidades de grandes corpos d´água.
A B S T R A C T
The aim of this study was to quantify the variability in mean hourly thermal comfort in four cities of different sizes and locations in the Brazilian Amazon (Belém - PA, Manaus - AM, Macapá - AP and Santarém - PA). The Heat Index (HI) which considers only the temperature and relative humidity was used to quantify thermal comfort. The research methodology consisted of collecting hourly average temperature and relative humidity data for the months of March (wet season) and September (dry season) for the years 2009-2012. Automatic weather stations have been installed in the urban centers of these cities. The monthly time series of weather variables were compared in order to verify their mean changes over time (Kruskal-Wallis test, p <0.005). The results indicated that these differences were significant in the dry period (H (95, 0.05)=8.133), p=0.043), but not in the rainy season (H (95, 0.05)=2.54, p=0.466). These results suggest that cities closer to large bodies of water tend to have smaller HIs, regardless of their size, and this may be associated with the effects of prevailing breezes. In terms of seasonality, our HI results show little difference in the wet season but considerable differences during the dry season. We conclude that the HI tends to be more affected by urban interferences during the dry season, which does not happen during the rainy season. During rainy season, it is believed that the presence of large scale meteorological systems tends to homogenize the weather conditions prevailing at these locations.
Keywords: thermal comfort, Amazon, urban climate.
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Copyright (c) 2013 Antonio Carlos Lola Costa, João de Athaydes Silva Junior, Alan Cavalcante Cunha, João Roberto Pinto Feitosa, Bruno Takeshi Tanaka Portela, Glauber Cirino Guimarães, Rafael Ferreira Costa

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