Oscilações Decadal e Dazonal das Temperaturas do Ar no Semiárido Nordestino (Oscillations Decadal and Seasonal of the Air Temperature in Northeast Semiarid)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v6i5.233098Keywords:
clima, variabilidade climática, aquecimento global, mudanças climáticas.Abstract
O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar se as oscilações decadal e sazonal das temperaturas do ar (máxima, média e mínima) de Campina Grande e Areia (PB), Petrolina (PE) e Juazeiro (BA) são inerentes à variabilidade natural ou mudança climática. Para essas investigações foram utilizadas séries térmicas mensais e anuais, do período: 01.01.1970 a 31.12.2009, cedidas pelo INMET e Embrapa. Cada série foi analisada, estatisticamente, comparando-se a oscilação das temperaturas por décadas e nas estações do ano com as respectivas médias aritmética da série + o desvio padrão (DP). Os principais resultados mostraram aumentos nas temperaturas máxima, média e mínima, quando se compara a década com a anterior, em todas as estações do ano, mas inferiores as suas respectivas médias + DP. Os maiores valores médios mensais das séries das temperaturas máxima e mínima, ocorreram, respectivamente, em Juazeiro (BA) e Petrolina (PE), e os menores, em Areia (PB). Destaca-se, entretanto, que na última década foi constatada uma diminuição nas médias das temperaturas máxima e média, nas quatro estações do ano, em Campina Grande, PB, e nas média e mínima em Juazeiro, BA. Frequências de valores de temperaturas máxima e mínima anual acima das respectivas médias mais o desvio padrão foram verificados, respectivamente, em oito e em seis anos, em Juazeiro, BA. Como as dispersões térmicas, no período estudado, foram inferiores as respectivas médias mais o desvio padrão, conclui-se, que essas oscilações são inerentes a variabilidade natural do clima e não há indícios de mudanças climáticas.
A B S T R A C T
This study aimed to examine whether the decadal oscillations and seasonal of air temperature maximum, means and minimum of Campina Grande and Areia (PB), Petrolina (PE) and Juazeiro (BA) are inherent to natural variability or climate change. For these investigations we used series monthly and yearly of extreme temperature of period: 01.01.1970 to 31.12.2009, granted by INMET and Embrapa. Each series was analyzed statistically comparing the fluctuation of temperatures for decades and in the seasons with their arithmetic mean of the series + the standard deviation (SD). The results showed increases in maximum, means and minimum temperatures, when compared with the previous decade, in all seasons of the year, but below their respective averages ± SD. The highest average monthly values of the series of maximum and minimum temperatures occurred respectively in Juazeiro (BA) and Petrolina (PE), and lowest in Areia (PB). It is noteworthy, however, that in the last decade we observed a decrease in the average maximum temperature in the four seasons in Campina Grande, PB, and minimal in Juazeiro, BA. Frequency values of maximum and minimum temperatures above their annual average plus the standard deviation were observed, respectively, eight and six years in Juazeiro, BA. As the thermal dispersions during the study period, were below their averages over the standard deviation, it is concluded that these oscillations are inherent to natural climate variability and there is evidence of climate change.
Key-words: climate, climate variability, global warming, climate change
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