Tendência de Longo Prazo das Chuvas Diárias no Sudoeste do Rio Grande do Sul: os Eventos Extremos e a Arenização (Long-Term Trend of Daily Rainfall in Southwest of Rio Grande do Sul: Extreme Events and the Sandization)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v7.6.p1100-1109Keywords:
Arenização, precipitações extremas, Sudoeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Teste de Mann-Kendall.Abstract
O aumento na ocorrência de eventos climáticos extremos nas últimas décadas tem sido apontado como evidência de mudanças climáticas tanto no nível global como nos níveis regionais e locais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi reconstruir uma série temporal de dados pluviométricos diários (1928-2009) para a região de Alegrete (RS) e avaliar a tendência dos dias de chuva buscando evidências de mudanças climáticas, sobretudo, em relação desses eventos extremos com a dinâmica da arenização. Foram selecionados dados de quatro postos pluviométricos da Agência Nacional de Águas para o município de Alegrete (RS) e seu entorno, testada sua consistência, buscando reconstruir uma série de dados (1928-2009). Os 82 anos de dados pluviométricos diários foram organizados em dias com precipitações ≥ 1, 10, 20, 30, 50, 80, 100 mm e, também, o maior período seco em cada mês (CDD/mês) para avaliar suas tendências com o teste de Mann-Kendall. Os resultados demonstraram que, em abril, as chuvas fracas aumentaram significativamente no período, bem como a redução do maior período seco no mês. Precipitações extremas também apresentaram tendência de aumento nos meses de novembro e fevereiro. Tais eventos associam-se aos Complexos Convectivos de Mesoescala (CCM) e ao fenômeno El Niño Oscilação Sul (ENOS). O aumento da quantidade de dias com precipitações, sobretudo os dias com eventos extremos, possui relação com a arenização no sudoeste do Rio Grande do Sul, uma vez que o escoamento superficial assume destaque na dinâmica erosiva deste processo.
A B S T R A C T
The increase of the climatic events during the last decades has been appointed as an evidence of the climate change at the regional and local level. The goal of this work was to reconstruct a time series of daily rainfall (1928-2009) for the region of Alegrete (RS) and evaluate the tendency of rainfall days searching for evidences of climate change, especially to associate these extremes events with the sandization dynamics. It has been selected 4 rain gages from the Agência Nacional de Águas for the Alegrete neighborhood and their consistency were tested in order to reconstruct a long time series (1929-2009). The data-set (82 years of daily rainfall) was organized in worksheets with rainfall higher than 1, 10, 20, 30, 50, 80 and 100 mm and the longest dry period in each month (CDD/month) were computed. The Mann-Kendall test for evaluate the tendency of the sample was also applied to the data-set. The results showed that, in April, the weak rain significantly increased during the period as well as there was a reduction of the dry period. Extremes rainfall also showed a tendency to increase for November and February. These events are associated with the Complex Convective Mesoscale Systems (CCM) and to El Nino Souther Oscillation Events (ENSO). The increase of number of days with extremes events has a relationship with the sandization at the southwest of Rio Grande do Sul, once the surface hidrology is important for the erosive dynamic of the processes.
Keywords: Sandization, extreme rainfall, climate change, Mann-Kendall.
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Copyright (c) 2015 Fabio de Oliveira Sanches, Roberto Verdum, Gilberto Fisch

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