EXPANSÃO DA AGRICULTURA IRRIGADA E MUDANÇAS NOS PROCESSOS DE INTERAÇÃO SUPERFÍCIE-ATMOSFERA: UM ESTUDO NUMÉRICO DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL EM ÁREAS DE CAATINGA (EXPANSION OF IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE AND CHANGES IN PROCESSES OF SURFACE-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION: A NUM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v7.5.p960-968Keywords:
RAMS, uso da terra, irrigação, microclima, caatingaAbstract
O RAMS (Sistema de Modelagem Atmosférica Regional) na versão 8.0 é utilizado neste estudo com o objetivo de avaliar como a expansão da agricultura irrigada pode modificar processos de interação entre a superfície e a atmosfera. Dois cenários (com e sem influência antrópica) são utilizados para simular mudanças na configuração espacial dos fluxos turbulentos em condições atmosféricas moduladas pela atuação de um VCAN (vórtice ciclônico de altos níveis). Os resultados indicam que a variabilidade espacial dos fluxos turbulentos é altamente influenciada pelas características da superfície, topografia, umidade no solo e tipo de vegetação. Por outro lado, a redução no teor de umidade da atmosfera, normalmente referenciado como déficit de pressão de vapor (DPV), é outro fator que exerce um forte controle sobre a taxa de evapotranspiração e pode alterar consideravelmente o balanço de energia em superfície. Nos períodos de atividade convectiva intensa a influência da irrigação nos fluxos turbulentos não é evidente. Em contrapartida, os fluxos simulados nos dias sem precipitação são bastante afetados pela disponibilidade de água no solo nos perímetros irrigados. Esse efeito é mais pronunciado do que o da mudança das áreas de vegetação nativa por áreas agrícolas.
A B S T R A C T
The RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System) version 8.0 is used in this study aiming to evaluate how the expansion of the irrigated agriculture can modify the processes of interaction between the surface and the atmosphere. Two scenarios (with and without anthropogenic influence) are used to simulate changes in the spatial pattern of the turbulent fluxes in atmospheric conditions modulated by an ULCV (upper level cyclonic vortex). The results indicate that the spatial variability of the turbulent fluxes is highly influenced by surface characteristics, topography, soil moisture and vegetation type. On the other hand, a reduction in the moisture content of the atmosphere, normally referenced as the vapor pressure deficit (VPD), is another factor that exerts a strong control upon the evapotranspiration rate and may considerably alter the surface energy balance. In periods of intense convective activity the influence of irrigation upon the turbulent fluxes is not evident. By contrast, the fluxes simulated in rainless days are highly affected by the availability of water in the soil of the irrigated perimeters. This effect is more pronounced than the one due to the change of the native vegetation areas by agricultural areas
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Copyright (c) 2015 Ewerton Cleudson Melo, MAGALY FATIMA CORREIA, MARIA SILVA ARAGÃO
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