Estudo da Susceptibilidade à Erosão Laminar em Bacia Hidrográfica da Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais, Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.3.p1707-1723Keywords:
Geotecnologias, Comparação de modelos de risco, Análises Multicritério.Abstract
O estudo da susceptibilidade a erosão laminar é pertinente na mesorregião da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, visto a predominância da cobertura de pastagem e pela expressiva degradação do solo. Neste estudo, objetivou-se compreender quais variáveis geodinâmicas são importantes na predição dos processos erosivos laminares e o melhor modelo preditivo entre oito, através de comparações multicritérios, possibilitando entender o fenômeno em uma bacia hidrográfica da mesorregião. Assim, utilizou-se o método de atribuição de notas pela Literatura (L) e Realidade de campo (RC), cuja ponderação de parcela dos processos erosivos (60%) laminares mapeados ponderou a nota das classes das variáveis pela área das mesmas. A integração das variáveis foi por testes de ponderação e integração total e parcial. A avaliação dos modelos gerados foi por estatística descritiva (Box-Plot), diferentes métodos de categorização (Manual, Natural Breaks e Geometrical Interval) e curva ROC com cálculo de eficiência AUC (40% das erosões mapeadas). Os resultados apontaram que a falta umidade é um fator importante para a ocorrência dos processos erosivos laminares, por outro lado, as variáveis morfométricas não foram importantes para a predição. Modelos baseados na RC (72,41% AUC médio) obteve eficiência consideravelmente maior do que a L (65,41% AUC médio), já quando comparado a integração de todas as variáveis geodinâmicas e somente as mais importantes e quando integrado com ponderação e sem ponderação, não houve considerável diferença estatística. O modelo mais eficiente obteve 76,3% AUC, considerado boa e estava adequado a realidade da área estudada.
Study of Susceptibility to Sheet Erosion in a Watershed in Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais, Brazil
ABSTRACT
The study of susceptibility to surface erosion is relevant in the mesoregion of the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais, given the predominance of pasture cover, the significant degradation of the soil and the stagnation of the agricultural sector. In this study, the objective was to understand which geodynamic variables are important in the prediction of surface erosive processes and the best predictive model among eight, through multicriteria comparisons, making it possible to understand the phenomenon in a watershed in the mesoregion. Thus, it was used the method of attributing grades by Literature (L) and Field Reality (RC), whose weighting of the mapped surface erosive (60%) processes weighted the grade of the variable classes by their area. The integration of the variables was through weighting tests and total and partial integration. The evaluation of the models generated was by descriptive statistics (Box-Plot), different methods of categorization (Manual, Natural Breaks and Geometrical Interval) and ROC curve with AUC efficiency calculation (40% of the mapped erosions). The results showed that the lack of moisture is an important factor for the occurrence of surface erosive processes, on the other hand, the morphometric variables were not important for the prediction. Models based on RC (72.41% average AUC) achieved considerably greater efficiency than L (65.41% average AUC), when compared to the integration of all geodynamic variables and only the most important ones and when integrated with weighting and without weighting, there was no considerable statistical difference. The most efficient model obtained 76.3% AUC, considered good and was adequate to the reality of the studied area.
Key words: Geotechnologies; Comparison of Risk Models; Multicriteria Analysis
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