Impacts of Land Cover Policy on Water Erosion in the Guandu River Basin – Espírito Santo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v19.01.p373-388Keywords:
RUSLE, sediment transport, land use change, empirical modelAbstract
Land use can be considered one of the main variables impacting watershed erosion. During the past decades, extensive native areas have been reclaimed along the central-western region of Espirito Santo State in Brazil, while agricultural pressures on landcover-sedimentation are in some degree unknown. This study aims to analyze the impacts of landcover policy on sediment yield in the Guandu river basin (GRB), Brazil after the introduction of the Native Vegetation Protection Law (NVPL). For this purpose, it was implemented a multidisciplinary approach that combines sediment records and mathematical modeling to estimate soil erosion for the years 2012 and 2021. The effect of land cover modifications was studied using suspended sediment records and satellite image data for the period. The dynamics of sediment production and transport in the main channel in the two periods studied had changed, indicating that NVPL showed considerable efficiency after its implementation as a public policy. Sediment concentration observed from the monitoring gauges ranged from 0.26 t⋅ha-1⋅year-1 to 1.68 t⋅ha-1⋅year-1 in 2012, and 0.40 t⋅ha-1⋅year-1 to 0.76 t⋅ha-1⋅year-1 for the year 2021. In terms of sediment delivery ratio (SDR), the year 2012 presented the mean annual value of 8.5%, while 2021 showed a mean annual value of 6.2%. These results have provided important information for measures associated with the management, conservation and planning of land use in the basin, which of great importance when predicting the development of various scenarios for the GRB and the application of conservation policy.
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