A dimensão interpessoal da linguagem na variação e na gramaticalização
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51359/2175-294x.2020.247412Keywords:
communicative context, speaker-listener, variation and change, discourse marker.Abstract
In this paper we discuss the place for the interpersonal dimension and the interlocutors in Variationist Sociolinguistics (cf. Labov'swritings) and Grammaticalization (cf. works by Traugott, Heine and Hopper, among others); and methodological issues involved in the two approaches. We emphasize that, while Labovian sociolinguistics favors factors of social stratification of the speaker (to the detriment of the listener), due to the quantitative character of their analyzes, the functionalist approach to grammaticalization as expansion considers the speaker-listener interaction as motivation for change. From the analytical point of view, wepresented two methodological artifacts, focused on the interpersonal dimension, and they are applied to a phenomenon in variation and grammaticalization.References
ANDROUTSOPOULOS, J. K. Grammaticalization in young people’s language: the case of German. Belgian Journal of Linguistics. v. 13, p. 155-176, 1999.
BISANG, W. Grammaticalization and language contact, constructions and positions. In: RAMAT, A. G. e HOPPER, P. J. (Eds.) The limits of grammaticalization. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1998. p. 13-58.
BELL, A. Back in style: reworking audience design. In: ECKERT, P.; RICKFORD, J. R. (Eds.). Style and Sociolinguistic Variation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. p. 139-169.
BRINTON, L.; TRAUGOTT, E. C. Lexicalization and language change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
BRINTON, L. The evolution of pragmatic markers in English: pathways of change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017.
BÜHLER, K. Teoría del lenguaje. Trad. de Julián Marías. Madrid: Revista de Occidente. 1961 [1934].
BYBEE, J. L. From usage to grammar: the mind’s response to repetition. Language, v. 82, n. 4, 711-733, 2006.
COELHO, I. L.; NUNES DE SOUZA, C. M. Uma proposta metodológica para o tratamento da variação estilística em textos escritos. In: GÖRSKI, E. M.; COELHO, I. L.; NUNES DE SOUZA, C. M. (Orgs.)
Variação estilística: reflexões teórico-metodológicas e propostas de análise. Florianópolis: Insular, 2014. p. 163-199.
DEGAND, L.; CORNILLIE, B.; PIETRANDREA, P. Modal particles and discourse markers: two sides of the same coin? In: DEGAND, L.
Discourse markers and modal particles: categorization and description. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2013, p. 01-18.
DIEWALD, G. Pragmaticalization (defined) as grammaticalization of discourse functions. Linguistics 49 (2), p. 365–90, 2011.
DIEWALD, G. Context types in grammaticalization as constructions. Constructions, SV1-9/2006. Disponível em:
<https://journals.linguisticsociety.org/elanguage/constructions/article/view/24.html>
ECKERT, P. Meaning and linguistic variation: The third wave in sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
ECKERT, P. Third wave variationism. 2016. Disponível em: <http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935345.001.0001/oxfordhb9780199935345-e-27>.
ECKERT, P. Three waves of variation study: the emergence of meaning in the study of sociolinguistic variation. Annual Review of Anthropology, n. 41, p. 87-100, 2012.
FISCHER, H. (ed.) Approaches to Discourse Particles. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 2006
GIVÓN, T. On understanding grammar. New York: Academic Press, 1979.
GIVÓN, T. English grammar: a function-based introduction, v. 1. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1993.
GIVÓN, T. Bio-Linguistics. The Santa Barbara Lectures. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2002.
GÖRSKI, E. M.; VALLE, C. R. M. A variação estilística em entrevistas sociolinguísticas: uma (re)leitura do modelo laboviano. In: GÖRSKI, E. M.; COELHO, I. L.; NUNES DE SOUZA, C. M. (Orgs.) Variação estilística: reflexões teórico-metodológicas e propostas de análise. Florianópolis: Insular, 2014. p. 67-92.
HALLIDAY, M.A.K.; HASAN, R. Cohesion in English. London: Longman, 1976.
HANCIL, S.; BREBAN, T.; LOZANO, J. V. (Eds.) New trends in grammaticalization and language change. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2018. p. 23-54.
HEINE, B. Are there two different ways of approaching grammaticalization? In: HANCIL, S.; BREBAN, T.; LOZANO, J. V. (Eds.) New trends in grammaticalization and language change. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2018. p. 23-54.
HEINE, B. On discourse markers: grammaticalization, pragmaticalization, or something else? Linguistics 51 (6), p. 1205–1247, 2013.
HEINE, B; KALTENBOCK, G.; KUTEVA, T.; LONG, H. An outline of Discourse Grammar. In: BISCHOFF, S.T; JANY, C. (Eds.) Functional approaches to language. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 2013. p. 155-206.
HEINE, B; CLAUDI, U.; HÜNNEMEYER, F. Grammaticalization: a conception framework. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.
HEINE, B; KUTEVA, T. The genesis of grammar: a reconstruction. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
HIMMELMANN, N. P. Lexicalization and grammaticalization: Opposite or orthogonal? In: BISANG, W.; HIMMELMANN, N.; WIEMER, B. (Eds.). What makes grammaticalization? A look from its fringes and its components. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 2004. p. 19-40.
HOPPER, P. On some principles in the grammaticalization. In: TRAUGOTT, E. C.; HEINE, B. (Eds.) Approaches to grammaticalization: focus on theoretical and methodological issues. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1991. v. 1 e 2., p. 7-35.
HOPPER, P. Emergent grammar. In: Berkeley Linguistics Society, n. 13, p. 139-157, 1987. Disponível em:
HOPPER, P.; TRAUGOTT, E. C. Grammaticalization. 2. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
JAKOBSON, R. Linguística e poética. In: Linguística e comunicação. São Paulo: Cultrix, 1974 [1960]. p. 118-162.
LABOV, W. Where does the linguistic variable stop? A response to Beatriz Lavandera. Working Papers in Sociolinguistics, Southwest Educational Development Laboratory, Austin, n. 44, 1978. 23p.
LABOV, W. The anatomy of style-shifting. In: ECKERT, P.; RICKFORD, J. R. (Eds.) Style and sociolinguistic variation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. p. 85-108.
LABOV, W. Some sociolinguistic principles. In: PAULSTON, C. B.; TUCKER, G. R. (Orgs.) Sociolinguistics: the essential readings. Oxford: Blackwell, 2003 [1969]. p. 234-250.
LABOV, W. Padrões Sociolinguísticos. Trad. de Marcos Bagno; Maria Marta Pereira Scherre; Caroline Rodrigues Cardoso. São Paulo: Parábola, 2008 [1972].
LABOV, W. Principles of linguistic change. v. 3: Cultural and Cognitive Factors. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
LEHMANN, C. Thoughts on grammaticalization. 2ª. rev. ed. Munich: Lincom Europa. 1995.
REIS, M. S. dos. Atos de fala não declarativos de comando na expressão do imperativo: a dimensão estilística da variação sob um olhar funcionalista. 2003. 216 f. Tese (Doutorado em Linguística) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 2003.
ROST SNICHELOTTO, C. A.; GÖRSKI, E. M. (Inter)subjetivização de marcadores discursivos de base verbal: instâncias de gramaticalização. Alfa: Revista de linguística. São Paulo, v. 55, n. 2, p. 423-455, 2011.
SACKS, H., SCHEGLOFF, E.; JEFFERSON, G. A simplest systematics for the organization of turn taking for conversation. Language, v. 50, n. 4, p. 696-735, 1974.
SANKOFF, D.; TAGLIAMONTE, S.; SMITH, E. Goldvarb X: A variable rule application for Macintosh and Windows. Toronto: Department of Linguistics; Ottawa: Department of Mathematics, 2005. Disponível em: http://individual.utoronto.ca /tagliamonte/goldvarb.htm
SCHIFFRIN, D. Discourse markers: language, meaning and context. In: SCHIFFRIN, D.; TANNEN, D.; HAMILTON, H. (Eds.). The handbook of discourse analysis. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2001. p. 54-75.
STURTEVANT, E. H. An introduction to linguistic science. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1947.
TAVARES, M. A.; GÖRSKI, E. M. Variação e sociofuncionalismo. In: MARTINS, M. A.; ABRAÇADO, J. (Orgs.). Mapeamento sociolinguístico do português brasileiro. São Paulo: Contexto, 2015. p. 249-270.
TRAUGOTT, E. C. From propositional to textual and expressive meanings: some semantic-pragmatic aspects of grammaticalization. In: LEHMMAN, W. P.; MALKIEL, Y. (Orgs.). Perspectives on Historical Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1982. p. 245-271.
TRAUGOTT, E. C.; KÖNIG, E. The semantics-pragmatics of grammaticalization revisited. In: TRAUGOTT, E. C.; HEINE, B. (Eds.). Approaches to grammaticalization: focus on theoretical and methodological issues. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, v. 1 e 2, 1991. p. 189-218.
TRAUGOTT, E. C.The role of the development of discourse markers in a theory of grammaticalization. Manchester: Stanford University, p. 1-29, 1995.
TRAUGOTT, E. C. From subjectification to intersubjectification. Anais do Workshop on Historical Pragmatics - Fourteenth International Conference on Historical Linguistics: Vancouver, Canada, jul. 1999.
TRAUGOTT, E. C. From etymology to historical pragmatics. In: MINKOVA, D.; STOCKWELL, R. (Eds.). Studying the History of the English Language: Millennial perspectives. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2002. p. 19-49.
TRAUGOTT, E. C. All that he endeavoured to prove was...‟: On the emergence of grammatical constructions in dialogic contexts. In: COOPER, R..; KEMPSON, R. (Orgs.). Language in Flux: Dialogue Coordination, Language Variation, Change and Evolution. Londres: Kings College Publications, 2008. p. 143-177. Disponível em: <http://web.stanford. edu/~traugott/resources/TraugottCooperKempson.pdf>.
TRAUGOTT, E. C. Grammaticalization. In: LURAGHI, S.; BUBENIK, V. (Orgs.). Continuum companion to historical linguistics. London/New York: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2010a. p. 269-283.
TRAUGOTT, E. C. Revisiting subjectification and intersubjectification. In: DAVIDSE, K.; VANDELANOTTE, L.; CUYCKENS, H. (Eds.)
Subjectification, Intersubjectification and Grammaticalization, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 2010b. p. 29-70. Disponível em: <http://web.stanford.edu/~traugott/ resources/TraugottDavidseIntersbfn.pdf>;.
TRAUGOTT, E. C.; DASHER, R. Regularity in Semantic Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
URBANO, H. Marcadores discursivos basicamente interacionais. In: JUBRAN, C. C. A. S.; KOCH, I. G. V. (Orgs.). Gramática do português culto falado no Brasil. v. 1. Construção do texto falado. Campinas: Editora da UNICAMP, 2006. p. 497-528.
VALLE, C. R. M. Sabe?~não tem?~entende?: itens de origem verbal em variação como requisitos de apoio discursivo. 2001. 183f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Linguística) –Programa de Pós-graduação e, Linguística, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 2001.
VALLE, C. R. M. Multifuncionalidade, mudança e variação de marcadores discursivos derivados de verbos cognitivos:forças semântico-pragmáticas, estilísticas e identitárias em competição. 2014. 415f. Tese (Doutorado em Linguística). Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis,2014.
VALLE, C. R. M; GÖRSKI, E, M. Aconstrução de uma variável estilística complexa para medir a configuração da entrevista sociolinguística. Dossiê "Percepções sociolinguísticas e atitudes: os significados sociais da variação". Todas as Letras –Revista de Língua e Literatura, São Paulo, v.18, n. 2, p. 30-45, 2016.
WALTEREIT, R. The rise of discourse markers in Italian: A specific type of language change. In: FISCHER, K. (Ed.). Approaches to Discourse Markers. Oxford: Elsevier, 2006. p. 61-76.
WALTEREIT, R. Grammaticalization and Discourse. In: NARROG, H.; HEINE, B. (Eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Grammaticalization. New York: OUP, 2011, p. 413-423.
WALTEREIT, R.; DETGES, U. Different functions, different histories. Modal particles and discourse markers from a diachronic point of view. In: CUENCA, M. J. (Ed.). “Contrastive perspectives on discourse markers”. Special issue of Journal of Catalan Linguistics, v. 6, p. 61–82, 2007.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Edair Maria Görski, Carla Regina Martins Valle
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Revista Investigações agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
You are free to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
The contents of this journal are licensed under 