Influência da Estrutura da Floresta nas Características Físico-Químicas do Solo e no Estoque de Serrapilheira em Remanescentes Florestais da Área de Proteção Ambiental de Macaé de Cima – Nova Friburgo – RJ (Influence of forest structure on soil ...)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-2295.20150039Keywords:
Fragmentação Florestal, Erosão dos Solos, Matéria orgânica, Serrapilheira, Estrutura da Vegetação.Abstract
Remanescentes florestais constantemente ameaçados por ação antrópica apresentam como resultado da fragmentação, estágios sucessionais diversos, que refletem em diferenças na sua estrutura e composição florística, nos processos de ciclagem de nutrientes e nas propriedades físico-químicas do solo, sendo estes bons indicadores do grau de interferência no sistema. O presente artigo tem como objeto de estudo fragmentos florestais de Mata Atlântica inseridos na bacia hidrográfica do rio Boa Esperança (Nova Friburgo – RJ) e têm como objetivo caracterizar a dinâmica das relações existentes entre a estrutura da vegetação, as características do solo e o estoque de serrapilheira, buscando-se responder como alterações nessas características, resultantes da fragmentação florestal e de atividades antrópicas, ameaçam os sistemas florestais. Para observar se tais sistemas florestais apresentam sua funcionalidade ameaçada, foram feitas coletas de solo, de serrapilheira e de dados sobre a estrutura da vegetação em três remanescentes florestais com diferentes características. Foram analisadas as características físico-químicas do solo, tais como densidade real e aparente, porosidade, textura, matéria orgânica e pH. Como resultado, foi observado que o remanescente florestal que não está totalmente isolado apresentou características menos suscetíveis a erosão e uma melhor integridade do sistema florestal. Conclui-se, que apesar de estarem próximos e localizados em uma mesma bacia hidrográfica, os fragmentos florestais estão sujeitos a diferentes impactos, em função da matriz a qual estão inseridos, do grau de isolamento em que se encontram e do quanto estão sujeitos a atividades antrópicas.
A B S T R A C T
Forest remnants constantly threatened by human actions have as a result of fragmentation, different succession stages, which reflect differences in their structure and composition, the processes of nutrient cycling and the physicochemical properties of soil, which are good indicators of the degree of interference in the system. This article have as object of study Atlantic forest fragments embedded in the river basin Boa Esperança (Nova Friburgo - RJ) and aim to characterize the dynamics of the relationship between vegetation structure, soil characteristics and litter, seeking to answer how changes in these characteristics, resulting from forest fragmentation and human activities threaten these forest systems. To see if these systems have their functionality threatened forest, soil samples were collected and data on the structure of the vegetation in three forest areas with different characteristics. We analyzed the physical and chemical characteristics of soil, such as real and apparent density, porosity, texture, organic matter and pH. As a result, it was observed that the remnant forest which is not isolated is less susceptible to erosion and has greater integrity of the forest. It is concluded that despite their proximity and located in the same basin, forest fragments are subject to different impacts, depending on the matrix which are inserted, the degree of isolation where they are and how are subject to anthropogenic activities.
Keywords: Forest Fragmentation, Soil Erosion, Organic Matter, Litter, Vegetation Structure.
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Copyright (c) 2015 Luana Balbino dos Santos, Antônio José Teixeira Guerra

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