Matas Ciliares e Conservação das Nascentes dos Rios Anil, Bacanga e Tibiri, na Ilha de São Luís, Maranhão (Riparian forests and conservation of water sources of the rivers Anil, Bacanga e Tibiri, Island of São Luís, Maranhão)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-2295.20160082Keywords:
Matas Ciliares, Nascentes, Botânica, Conservação, São Luís-MA.Abstract
As matas ciliares são florestas que ocorrem ao longo das margens dos cursos d’água, no entorno de nascentes e reservatórios de água. São de grande importância pela proteção das margens dos corpos d’água, com muitas funções ecológicas. Na Ilha de São Luis, Maranhão, a hidrografia é formada pelos rios Anil, Bacanga, Tibiri, Paciência, Maracanã, Calhau, Pimenta, Coqueiro e Cachorros. A legislação prevê a proteção das matas ciliares como Áreas de Preservação Permanente; entretanto, o uso inadequado do solo e a ocupação populacional provocam redução significativa dessas formações. Este estudo objetivou a avaliação do estado de conservação nas áreas ciliares das nascentes dos rios Anil, Bacanga e Tibiri, na ilha de São Luis, Maranhão, Brasil, utilizando-se a vegetação como parâmetro principal. Buscou-se localizar, classificar e caracterizar as principais nascentes desses rios, com levantamento da composição florística nesses ambientes, avaliando-se e classificando-se o estado de conservação das matas ciliares e nascentes dos rios com metodologia adaptada para este estudo. Considerando a faixa mínima de vegetação ciliar definida pela legislação a ser protegida no entorno de nascente (50 metros), delimitou-se as areas de amostragem em quatro raios: acima, à direita, à esquerda e abaixo do inicio do corpo d’água. Foram amostradas as áreas de entorno de quinze nascentes dos rios da ilha de São Luis, assim distribuídas: Rio Anil: 1; Rio Bacanga: 8; Rio Tibiri: 6. As nascentes foram caracterizadas em sua composição florística e classificadas em seu estado de conservação utilizando-se critérios baseados na vegetação e na legislação de proteção.
A B S T R A C T
Riparian forests are forests that occur along the banks of waterways, water sources and reservoirs. Plant formations are of great importance for the protection of the banks of water bodies, with many ecological functions. On the island of São Luis, Maranhão, the hydrography is formed by the rivers Anil, Bacanga, Tibiri, Paciência, Maracanã, Calhau, Pimenta, Coqueiro and Cachorros. The legislation provides for the protection of riparian areas as Areas of Permanent Conservation; however, inappropriate land use and population occupation cause significant reduction of these formations. This study aimed to evaluate the conservation status of the riparian areas of the headwaters of rivers Anil, Bacanga and Tibiri on the island of São Luis, Maranhão, using vegetation as the main parameter. We attempted to locate, classify and characterize the main sources of the rivers, a survey of floristic composition in these environments, evaluating and classifying the condition of riparian forests and springs of rivers with a methodology adapted for this study. Considering the minimum range of riparian vegetation defined by the legislation to be protected in the vicinity of a water spring (50 meters), sampling were delimited areas in four rays: above, rightward , leftward and below the beginning of the water flow. Fifteen areas around headwaters of the rivers were sampled, as follows: Rio Anil: 1; Rio Bacanga: 8; Rio Tibiri: 6. The springs were characterized in their floristic composition and classified using criteria based on vegetation composition and protection legislation.
Keywords: Riparian Forests; Water Sources; Botany; Conservation; São Luís-MA.
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Copyright (c) 2016 Claudio Urbano Bittencourt Pinheiro

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