Modelo Teórico Metodológico de Indicadores de Paisagem em Escala Humana: APLICAÇÃO Experimental no município de Dalcahue, Chile
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v15.4.p1750-1770Keywords:
Indicadores, Paisaje, Desarrollo a Escala Humana.Abstract
Se trata de una investigación fenomenológica, sobre la percepción de las comunidades locales en el paisaje, respecto a la satisfacción de las necesidades humanas fundamentales (NHF) para su calidad de vida. El objetivo general de esta investigación es proponer un modelo teórico metodológico para la construcción de Indicadores del Paisaje a Escala Humana (IPEH), en vista a evidenciar estrategias de desarrollo con pertinencia cultural y ambiental. Fueron aplicadas entrevistas estructuradas a residentes locales dedicados a la pesca artesanal y el turismo, en las que identificaron espacios dentro de la comuna que satisfacen las NHF del ocio, identidad y subsistencia. Se construyeron mapas de hotspots con las áreas de mayor importancia para la satisfacción de estas NHF, las que se calcularon mediante de la densidad de Kernel. Los resultados de investigación son: (1) Modelo Teórico Metodológico para la construcción de IPEH. (2) Construcción exploratoria de IPEH en la comuna de Dalcahue, Chile. Fueron sistematizadas las principales teorías del modelo, tales como indicadores del paisaje y socioambientales, dimensiones del paisaje, desarrollo a escala humana. Fueron sistematizadas las relaciones entre los elementos de los paisajes y las frecuencias de percepción de los entrevistados mediante los sentidos (visión, olfato, tacto, gusto y audición). Finalmente, mediante las percepciones colectivas estudiadas se identifican cuatro tipos de paisaje de Dalcahue, tres son espacios que actúan como satisfactores sinérgicos de la identidad – subsistencia (Paisaje de Campo Costero), ocio – identidad (Paisaje de Dalcahue Urbano) y ocio – subsistencia (Paisaje del agua y bosque nativo). Palabras clave: Indicadores, Paisaje, Desarrollo a Escala Humana.
Methodological Theoretical Model of Human Scale Landscape Indicators: An Experimental Application in the municipality of Dalcahue, Chile
ABSTRACT
This is phenomenological research, about the perception of local communities in the landscape, regarding the satisfaction of fundamental human needs (NHF) for their quality of life. The general objective of this research is to propose a theoretical methodological model for the construction of Human Scale Landscape Indicators (IPEH), to demonstrate development strategies with cultural and environmental relevance. The main theories of the model were systematized, such as landscape and socio-environmental indicators, landscape dimensions, human scale, and development. Structured interviews were applied to residents dedicated to artisanal fishing and tourism, in which they identified spaces within the commune that satisfy the NHF of leisure, identity and subsistence. Hotspot maps were constructed with the areas of greatest importance for the satisfaction of these NHFs, which were calculated using Kernel density. The research results are: (1) Methodological Theoretical Model for the construction of IPEH. (2) Exploratory construction of IPEH in the municipality of Dalcahue. The relationships between the elements of the landscapes and the frequencies of perception of the interviewees were systematized by means of the senses (vision, smell, touch, taste, and hearing). Finally, through the collective perceptions studied, four types of Dalcahue landscape are identified, three are spaces that act as synergistic satisfiers of identity - subsistence (Coastal Field Landscape), leisure - identity (Dalcahue Urban Landscape) and leisure - subsistence (Water landscape and native forest). Keywords: Indicators, Landscape, Human Scale Development.
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