Respostas das plantas ao incremento atmosférico de dióxido de carbono e da temperatura (Plants responses to increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v8.0.p635-650Keywords:
mudança climática global, aquecimento, biodiversidade, agricultura, produção agrícolaAbstract
Existem fortes evidencias da ocorrência de mudanças climáticas globais por causa do aumento de gases de efeito estufa, as quais provavelmente serão cada vez mais severas no futuro. Para enfrentar esse problema, as plantas, serão confrontadas com opções limitadas para evitar a perda de seu hábitat ou extinção: adaptar-se, migrar ou morrer. Em geral, o aumento da concentração atmosférica do CO2 atuando como “fertilizante” para a fotossíntese poderia aumentar o crescimento e a produção de biomassa das plantas. No entanto, o aumento da temperatura global poderia afetar negativamente a fisiologia e a produtividade vegetal, bem como provocar alterações nos padrões de precipitação com impactos graves sobre a produção agrícola e outros serviços ecossistêmicos. Para uma melhor estimativa dos impactos das mudanças climáticas na agricultura, pecuária, ecossistemas de florestas e pastagens serão necessários grandes avanços científicos. No âmbito da pesquisa, será necessária e prioritária a elucidação das interações entre o elevado CO2, temperatura, fertilidade do solo, disponibilidade hídrica e o efeito de poluentes como o ozônio sobre o crescimento, o rendimento e a produtividade das plantas. Efeitos das mudanças climáticas sobre o florescimento, viabilidade do pólen, polinizadores e produção de grãos também precisam ser esclarecidos. Qualquer avanço do melhoramento genético das plantas e uso da biodiversidade visando reduzir a sensibilidade à elevada temperatura ou melhorar a resposta ao CO2 será de grande utilidade. There is strong evidence that global climate change because of increase in the greenhouse gases are already occurring and will become increasingly severe. To address this problem, the plants will be faced with limited options to avoid losing their habitat or extinction: adapt, migrate or die. In general, the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration acting as "fertilizer" for photosynthesis could increase growth and biomass production of the plants. However, the increase in global temperature could adversely affect the physiology and plant productivity and cause changes in rainfall patterns with serious impacts on agricultural production and other ecosystem services. A better estimate of the impacts of climate change on agricultural, forest and pasture ecosystems will require urgent scientific advances. It will be necessary to prioritize the elucidation of interactions between elevated CO2, temperature, soil fertility, water availability and the effect of pollutants such as ozone on growth, yield, and productivity of plants. Effects of climate change on flowering, pollen viability, pollinators and yield will need to be elucidated. Any advancement of plant breeding and use of biodiversity for reducing the sensitivity to high temperature and improve the response to CO2 will be very useful. Keywords: global climate change, warming, biodiversity, agriculture, plant productivity.Downloads
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Copyright (c) 2015 Carlos Alberto Martinez, Eduardo Augusto Dias de Oliveira, Tathyana Rachel Palo Mello, Ana Lilia Alzate-Marin

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