Da água doce à água salgada: mudanças na vegetação de igapó em margens de lagos, rios e canais no baixo curso do rio Pindaré, Baixada Maranhense (From fresh to salt water: changes in Igapo vegetation on margins of lakes, rivers and and channels in ...)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-2295.20160097Keywords:
Igapó, Vegetação, Fitossociologia, Baixada MaranhenseAbstract
Na região da Baixada Maranhense são comuns os ambientes inundáveis nas margens dos lagos, rios e canais, com um tipo de vegetação característica denominada mata de igapó. A aparente salinização gradativa das áreas sob influência das marés via igarapés e rios parecem propiciar o avanço de manguezais modificando as áreas originais de matas de igapó. Este estudo foi realizado na região do baixo curso do rio Pindaré, em três municipios da região, em percurso dividido em quatro faixas de amostragem assim definidas: Faixa I - do Canal Maracu até o Lago de Viana (municípios de Penalva e Viana); Faixa II - do Lago de Viana até a Boca do Rio Pindaré (Viana e Cajari); Faixa III - da Boca Rio Pindaré à localidade Cachoeira (Viana e Cajari); Faixa IV - da localidade Cachoeira até São José dos Bragas (Viana e Cajari). Medidas de pH do solo e amostragens fitossociológicas foram realizadas em cada faixa de amostragem, em percurso total de 50 km de extensão. Para o estudo fitossociológico, foram amostradas 55 parcelas nas quatro faixas do percurso. Três medidas de pH foram efetuadas em cada ponto de amostragem fitossociológica, extraindo-se uma média para cada faixa. Os resultados mostram modificações na composição de espécies e estrutura da vegetação de igapó nas diferentes faixas amostradas. Estes resultados caracterizam as mudanças gradativas neste tipo de vegetação até a sua transição para os manguezais. As mudanças ambientais nesta área da Baixada Maranhense aparecem refletidas neste tipo de vegetação inundável.
A B S T R A C T
In the Baixada Maranhense region it is very common to find flooded areas along the margins of lakes, rivers and channels with a characteristic type of vegetation locally named igapo forest. The apparent salinization of areas under tidal influence through creeks and rivers seems to increase the colonization by mangroves and marshes modifying the original composition and structure of the igapo forests. This study was carried out in the lower course of the Pindare river, in three municipalities of the region, along four different sampling areas: Area I) Canal Maracu up to Viana lake (Penalva and Viana); Area II) Viana lake up to the mouth of Pindare River (Viana and Cajari); Area III) Pindare River up to the locality Cachoeira (Viana and Cajari); Area IV) Cachoeira up to the locality São José dos Bragas (Viana and Cajari). Measurements of soil pH and phytosociological sampling were carried out over a total of 50 km along this study area. For the phytosociological study, 55 plots were sampled in the four areas of the course. The results showed changes in composition of plant species in the areas sampled. The results characterize gradual changes in composition and structure of igapo forests along the study region until its complete transition to mangroves. Changes in the environment of the Baixada Maranhense are reflected on the igapo forests of the region.
Keywords: Igapo Forest; Vegetation; Phytosociology; Baixada Maranhense.
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Copyright (c) 2016 Claudio Urbano Bittencourt Pinheiro, Monielle Alencar Machado
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