Espacialização e avaliação do potencial erosivo médio e máximo das chuvas para a unidade hidrográfica Pirapó, Paranapanema III e IV - Paraná (Spatialization and evaluation of the medium and maximum erosivity potential of rainfall for hydrographic...)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-2295.20160088Keywords:
erosividade, normal climatológica, potencial máximo, bacia hidrográfica.Abstract
O presente trabalho objetiva espacializar e avaliar o potencial erosivo médio e máximo das chuvas nas escalas anual e mensal para a unidade hidrográfica Pirapó, Paranapanema III e IV, situada no Terceiro Planalto Paranaense. Foram obtidos os dados de chuva de trinta e cinco postos pluviométricos junto ao Instituto das Águas do Paraná e de cinco estações meteorológicas, pertencentes ao IAPAR (Instituto Agronômico do Paraná), INMET (Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia) e SIMEPAR (Sistema Meteorológico do Paraná), trabalhados com segmento temporal de 1976 a 2012. O índice de erosividade das chuvas foi calculado utilizando-se uma equação do tipo a + bx, no qual a e b = coeficientes linear e angular, e x = p2/P (p – precipitação média mensal em milímetros; P – precipitação média anual em milímetros). O efeito orográfico mostrou-se bastante significativo para a espacialização das isoerodentes médias anuais, com valores superiores a 7.800 MJ.mm.ha-1.h-1.ano-1 para os setores sul e sudeste, e inferiores a 6.400 MJ.mm.ha-1.h-1.ano-1 para o setor noroeste. Verificou-se que 77,5% do potencial erosivo anual estão concentrados no período que vai de janeiro a março e de setembro a dezembro. O mapeamento da erosividade máxima mensal mostrou que os meses de janeiro e dezembro apresentam as maiores alterações, enquanto que os meses de julho e agosto obtiveram a menor erosividade máxima mensal.
A B S T R A C T
This paper aims to spatialise and evaluate the medium and maximum erosivity potential of rainfall in annual and monthly scales for hydrographic unit Pirapó, Paranapanema III and IV, situated in the Third Paraná Plateau. The rainfall data was collected from thirty five rain gauges at Paraná Water Institute and from five weather stations at Paraná Agronomy Institute (IAPAR), National Weather Institute (INMET) and Paraná Meteorological System (SIMEPAR) and were processed within the temporal segmentation 1976 to 2012. The rainfall erosivity index was calculated using an equation of the type a + bx, which a and b = linear and angular coefficients, x = p2/P (p - average monthly rainfall in mm; P - average annual rainfall in millimeters). The orographic effect proved to be very significant for the spatial distribution of isoerodentes annual averages with values greater than 7.800 MJ.mm.ha-1.h-1.year-1 for the sectors south and southeast, and less than 6.400 MJ.mm .ha-1.h-1.year-1 to the northwest sector. It was found that 77.5% of the annual erosive potential are concentrated in the period from January to March and September to December. The mapping of the maximum monthly erosivity showed that January and December have the highest changes, while the months of July and August have achieved lower maximum monthly erosivity.
Keywords: erosivity; climate normal; maximum potential; watershed.
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Copyright (c) 2016 Paulo Miguel de Bodas Terassi, Carlos Henrique Da Graça, Hélio Silveira
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