Características Hidrogeológicas e Vulnerabilidade à Contaminação das Unidades Aquíferas da Bacia Hidrográfica dos Córregos Amaral e Brilhante - Jaciara (MT) (Hydrogeological features and vulnerability to contamination of aquifer units in ...)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v10.5.p1624-1637Keywords:
Águas subterrâneas, mapeamento, Método GOD, risco à contaminação, Vulnerabilidade de aquíferos.Abstract
O aumento na demanda por água e o aumento da poluição compromete a qualidade natural das águas subterrâneas. O conhecimento da dinâmica hidrogeológica em aquíferos é importante para analisar o grau de vulnerabilidade desse sistema, bem como identificar e monitorar as fontes potenciais de poluição. Com base nesta preocupação os objetivos desse trabalho foram identificar, caracterizar e mapear as unidades aquíferas da bacia hidrográfica dos Córregos Amaral e Brilhante (Jaciara, Mato Grosso, Brasil), bem como, determinar a vulnerabilidade à contaminação das unidades aquíferas utilizando o método de G.O.D (Groundwater occurrence, Overall lithology of the unsaturated zone, Depth to the water table). Os mapas foram produzidos na escala 1:50.000. Os resultados mostram que nos 339,56 km2 da bacia ocorrem os aquíferos Cachoeirinha, Furnas e Ponta Grossa e a atividade agrícola predominante é o cultivo da cana-de-açúcar. Foi verificado também que o aquífero Cachoeirinha é do tipo poroso livre e apresenta extrema vulnerabilidade e ocupa 74,01% da área. O aquífero Furnas também é do tipo poroso livre apresenta média vulnerabilidade e ocupa 25,73% da área. O aquífero Ponta Grossa é do tipo misto apresenta baixa vulnerabilidade e ocupa somente 0,26% da área total da bacia.
A B S T R A C T
The increase in the demand for water and the increase of pollution compromise the natural quality of groundwater. The knowledge of the hydrogeological dynamics in aquifers it is basic importance to analyze the degree of vulnerability of this system, as well as identifying the potential sources of pollution. For this reason, this work aims to identify, characterize and map the aquifer units of the Amaral and Brilhante (Jaciara, Mato Grosso, Brazil) river basin, as well as assess the vulnerability to pollution of these aquifer units using G.O.D method (Groundwater occurrence, Overall lithology of the unsaturated zone, Depth to the water table). The studied basin has an area of 339.56 km²; the maps ave been created in a 1: 50.000 scale. The results show the occurrence of Cachoeirinha, Furnas and Ponta Grossa aquifers. It has been found out that sugarcane crops are predominant in the area, that the Cachoeirinha aquifer can be classified as belonging to the free porous type, that it is extremely vulnerable and occupies 74.01% of the region; the Furnas aquifer is also a free porous type aquifer, presents an average vulnerability and occupies 25.73% of the region. Finally, the Ponta Grossa aquifer belongs to the the mixed type and presents low vulnerability, occupying only 0.26% of the region.
Keywords: Groundwater, mapping, risk of pollution.
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