Análise das Mudanças Ambientais Provocadas pela Expansão Urbana na Cidade de Mossoró-RN, Através do Uso de Técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto (Environment Change Analysis Due Urban Expansion in Mossoró-RN City, with Remote Sensing)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v7.4.p636-642Keywords:
Expansão Urbana, aquecimento, vegetaçãoAbstract
Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar com base no albedo da superfície, no índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (IVDN), na temperatura da superfície e no saldo de radiação, as alterações ocorridas na cidade de Mossoró-RN provenientes do aumento da área urbanizada nos anos de 1994 a 2009. Utilizou-se 3 imagens do Mapeador Temático do satélite LANDSAT-5 dos dias 06 de julho de 1994, 06 de julho de 2000 e 31 de julho 2009. O processamento das imagens foi desenvolvido através da ferramenta Model Maker do software ERDAS Image. Os resultados mostraram que a medida que ocorre a aproximação em direção a região central da cidade as maiores temperaturas são registradas e com o distanciamento as temperaturas caem em torno de 3 a 5K. A implantação das construções civis aumentaram as áreas com baixos valores de IVDN por conta da retirada da cobertura da vegetação nativa. A supressão de áreas verdes na região estudada e sua substituição por estruturas urbanas como asfalto e concreto, resultaram no aumento da quantidade de energia disponível para aquecimento, justificando o aumento da temperatura da superfície. Ao longo dos 15 anos decorridos de 1994 a 2009 o crescimento urbano foi visível e consequentemente o aumento do calor aprisionado, podendo assim o centro urbano de Mossoró ser considerado uma ilha de calor urbano.
ABSTRACT
This work aims to analyze based on surface albedo, the index of normalized difference vegetation (NDVI), in surface temperature and net radiation, the changes occurred in the town of Mossoró–RN from the increase in urbanized area in the years 1994-2009. We used 3 pictures of the Thematic Mapper satellite LANDSAT – 5 of days July 6, 1994, July 6, 2000 and July 31, 2009. The image processing was developed through the Model Maker tool of ERDAS Image software. The results showed that occurs as the approximation toward the center of the city the highest temperatures are recorded and distancing temperatures drop to around 3 to 5K. The implementation of civil buildings increased areas with low values NDVI due to the removal of native vegetation cover. Suppression of green areas in the study area and its replacement by urban structures such as asphalt and concrete, resulted in increased the amount of energy available for heating, justifies the increase of surface temperature. Over the 15 years elapsed from 1994 to 2009 urban growth was visible and thus increasing the heat trapped, can thus urban center of Mossley be considered an urban heat island.
Keywords: urban expansion, heating, vegetation
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Copyright (c) 2014 Francisco das Chagas Araujo Nascimento, Fabiane Regina da Cunha Dantas Araújo, Carlos Antonio Costa dos Santos, Elder Guedes dos Santos

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